Vaccine development and manufacture

• Professor Wendy Barclay: Understanding the biology of SARS-CoV-2 variants to assess whether COVID vaccines should be proactively updated to ensure population immunity remains at levels to prevent excessive pressure on healthcare infrastructure.
• Professor Chris Chiu: Human immunity and early phase clinical vaccine trials (including RSV, influenza, SARS-CoV-2). Example (in Covid): Human challenge studies for next generation SARS-CoV-2 transmission-blocking vaccines.
• Professor Thomas Churcher: Understanding the efficacy of novel malaria vaccines; malaria new transmission blocking vaccines.
• Professor Ten Feizi: Glycosciences; Beam Search technique for analysis of intestinal glycocalyx involved in infection.
• Dr Malick Gibani: Development of a vaccine-challenge model to assess the efficacy of candidate Yersinia pestis vaccines.
• Professor Nick Grassly: Vaccine clinical trial design, vaccine development, vaccine-induced immune correlates of protection; role of vaccines for outbreak response. In Covid (example): Implementation and adherence to regular asymptomatic testing in a COVID-19 vaccine trial.
• Professor Stuart Haslam: Structural glycomics and glycobiology. Example (in Covid): Site-specific characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding.
• Dr Jun Ishihara: Development of lymph node targeted protein-based vaccines.
• Professor Paul Kellam: Monoclonal antibodies for passive immunisation
• Professor Faith Osier: "Making Malaria History” through vaccination; PI, The Chanjo Hub, an African-led, academic-industry partnership designed to catalyse the local ‘ecosystem’ necessary for establishing vaccine manufacturing in Kenya and Ghana. 
• Professor Robin Shattock: Developing and optimising self-amplifying RNA-based technologies; pandemic vaccine responsiveness (including for Ebola, Marburg virus, Lass fever, rabies, SARS-CoV-2). In Covid (example): Development and clinical testing of self-amplifying RNA platform.
• Professor Shiranee Sriskandan: Vaccine target identification. 
• Dr Ryan Thwaites: Vaccine immunogenicity, with particular interest in respiratory mucosal vaccines and antibody responses in the mucosa.

• Professor Rongjun Chen: Polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles for targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical agents including nucleic acids and proteins. Example (in Covid): Thermostable RNA formulations for vaccines and therapeutics.
• Professor Tom Ellis: Synthetic biology. Example (in Covid): Engineered yeasts for vaccine manufacture.
• Professor Jason Hallett:  Formulation of vaccines for higher thermal stability (incl. re-addressing the cold storage challenge); vaccine equity and accessibility. 
• Dr Dauda Ibrahim: Systematic frameworks for computer-aided design and optimisation; quality by design and techno-economic modelling of RNA vaccine production for pandemic-response. Example (in Covid): Pandemic-response adenoviral vector and RNA vaccine manufacturing.
• Professor Cleo Kontoravdi: Process design and optimisation for rapid and mass quantity vaccine manufacturing, including for SARS-CoV-2 and HPV; computational tools for applying Quality by Design. Example (in Covid): Rapid and mass quantity SARS-CoV-2 vaccine manufacture.
• Dr Maria Papathanasiou: Biopharmaceuticals processes, including digital twins and control methodologies for process understanding, optimising, and automation, as well as supply chain optimisation, including for vaccines.

• Professor Karen Polizzi: In vivo biosensor development and synthetic biology for biopharmaceutical processing and vaccine manufacture. 
• Professor Nilay Shah: Process modelling and mathematical/systems engineering techniques to analyse and optimise complex bioprocesses and design improved vaccine and therapeutic platforms. Example (in Covid): Rapid and mass quantity SARS-CoV-2 vaccine manufacture.

Scientists, including Professor Peter Openshaw, Dr Elizabeth Whittaker, and Dr Nishel Shah provide scientific advice and risk-benefit analysis related to the development and deployment of protective vaccines, including in pregnancy (see National responses informed by economics and behaviour).