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@article{Driver:2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07771-9,
author = {Driver, T and Mountney, M and Wang, J and Ortmann, L and Al-Haddad, A and Berrah, N and Bostedt, C and Champenois, EG and DiMauro, LF and Duris, J and Garratt, D and Glownia, JM and Guo, Z and Haxton, D and Isele, E and Ivanov, I and Ji, J and Kamalov, A and Li, S and Lin, M-F and Marangos, JP and Obaid, R and O'Neal, JT and Rosenberger, P and Shivaram, NH and Wang, AL and Walter, P and Wolf, TJA and Wörner, HJ and Zhang, Z and Bucksbaum, PH and Kling, MF and Landsman, AS and Lucchese, RR and Emmanouilidou, A and Marinelli, A and Cryan, JP},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07771-9},
journal = {Nature},
pages = {762--767},
title = {Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07771-9},
volume = {632},
year = {2024}
}
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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics1-7. Sub-femtosecond-duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization8-12. Accordingly, the past decade has produced a large volume of work on photoionization delays following single-photon absorption of an extreme ultraviolet photon. However, the measurement of time-resolved core-level photoionization remained out of reach. The required X-ray photon energies needed for core-level photoionization were not available with attosecond tabletop sources. Here we report measurements of the X-ray photoemission delay of core-level electrons, with unexpectedly large delays, ranging up to 700 as in NO near the oxygen K-shell threshold. These measurements exploit attosecond soft X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser to scan across the entire region near the K-shell threshold. Furthermore, we find that the delay spectrum is richly modulated, suggesting several contributions, including transient trapping of the photoelectron owing to shape resonances, collisions with the Auger-Meitner electron that is emitted in the rapid non-radiative relaxation of the molecule and multi-electron scattering effects. The results demonstrate how X-ray attosecond experiments, supported by comprehensive theoretical modelling, can unravel the complex correlated dynamics of core-level photoionization.
AU  - Driver,T
AU  - Mountney,M
AU  - Wang,J
AU  - Ortmann,L
AU  - Al-Haddad,A
AU  - Berrah,N
AU  - Bostedt,C
AU  - Champenois,EG
AU  - DiMauro,LF
AU  - Duris,J
AU  - Garratt,D
AU  - Glownia,JM
AU  - Guo,Z
AU  - Haxton,D
AU  - Isele,E
AU  - Ivanov,I
AU  - Ji,J
AU  - Kamalov,A
AU  - Li,S
AU  - Lin,M-F
AU  - Marangos,JP
AU  - Obaid,R
AU  - O'Neal,JT
AU  - Rosenberger,P
AU  - Shivaram,NH
AU  - Wang,AL
AU  - Walter,P
AU  - Wolf,TJA
AU  - Wörner,HJ
AU  - Zhang,Z
AU  - Bucksbaum,PH
AU  - Kling,MF
AU  - Landsman,AS
AU  - Lucchese,RR
AU  - Emmanouilidou,A
AU  - Marinelli,A
AU  - Cryan,JP
DO  - 10.1038/s41586-024-07771-9
EP  - 767
PY  - 2024///
SP  - 762
TI  - Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization.
T2  - Nature
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07771-9
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39169246
VL  - 632
ER  -
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