Publications and Case Studies

As reported in Green Chem., 2022, 24, 5570-5578, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC00671E 

Whilst investigating the dihdroxylation of alkenes to vicinal diols by electrochemically generated ammonium peroxydisulfate (PDS), Dr Ben Deadman, Prof. Klaus Hellgardt and Prof. Mimi Hii observed that the reactivity of the oxidant increased after it had been aged overnight (Figure 1). This change in reactivity led the team to hypothesise that the active oxidant was actually the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) which would be generated in situ by the decomposition of PDS under acidic conditions.

To confirm their hypothesis the team utilised a combination of the Mettler-Toledo ReactIR 15 and their bespoke redox colorimetric analysis method (React. Chem. Eng., 2017,2, 462-466) to follow the conversion of PDS to PMS under acidic aqueous conditions. The formation of PMS could be followed directly by the diagnostic IR absorbance at 760 cm-1 while the loss of PDS could also be followed by the IR absorbance at 1260cm-1 (Figure 2).

The team used the orthogonal IR and redox colorimetric methods to monitor the decomposition of PDS into PMS in acidic solutions at 40, 50 and 60 °C (Figure 3). Once formed, the PMS was observed to be remarkably stable at up to 50 °C, but increasing the temperature further led to the competitive decomposition of PMS to H2O2. Monitoring the reaction by IR also revealed the presence of a further intermediate through the delayed onset of PMS formation (tracked by plotting the sum of [PDS] and [PMS]). The time course data was then employed by the team to build a pseudo first-order kinetic model of the reaction, and obtain rate constants and an activation energy for the reaction process.

ROAR Capabilities and Services in this Case Study 

• Mettler-Toledo ReactIR with 9.5 mm AgX DiComp™ batch probe 
• Mettler-Toledo EaxyMax 102 reactor 
• Custom reaction analysis method development 
• Kinetic modelling of reaction processes