Publications

Journal article

Lagae KC, Robberecht J, Athwal KK, Verdonk PCM, Amis AAet al., 2020,

ACL reconstruction combined with lateral monoloop tenodesis can restore intact knee laxity

, Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, Vol: 28, Pages: 1159-1168, ISSN: 0942-2056

PurposeAn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is often combined with injury to the lateral extra-articular structures, which may cause a combined anterior and rotational laxity. It was hypothesised that addition of a ‘monoloop’ lateral extra-articular tenodesis (mLET) to an ACL reconstruction would restore anteroposterior, internal rotation and pivot-shift laxities better than isolated ACL reconstruction in combined injuries.MethodTwelve cadaveric knees were tested, using an optical tracking system to record the kinematics through 0°–100° of knee flexion with no load, anterior and posterior translational forces (90 N), internal and external rotational torques (5 Nm), and a combination of an anterior translational (90 N) plus internal rotational load (5 Nm). They were tested intact, after sectioning the ACL, sectioning anterolateral ligament (ALL), iliotibial band (ITB) graft harvest, releasing deep ITB fibres, hamstrings tendon ACL reconstruction, mLET combined with ACL reconstruction, and isolated mLET. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA compared laxity data across knee states and flexion angles. When differences were found, paired t tests with Bonferroni correction were performed.ResultsIn the ACL-deficient knee, cutting the ALL significantly increased anterior laxity only at 20°–30°, and only significantly increased internal rotation at 50°. Additional deep ITB release significantly increased anterior laxity at 40°–90° and caused a large increase of internal rotation at 20°–100°. Isolated ACL reconstruction restored anterior drawer, but significant differences remained in internal rotation at 30°–100°. After adding an mLET there were no remaining differences with anterior translation or internal rotation compared to the intact knee. With the combined injury, isolated mLET allowed abnormal anterior translation and rotation to persist.ConclusionsCutting the deep fibres of the ITB

Journal article

Huber C, Zhang Q, Taylor WR, Amis AA, Smith C, Hosseini Nasab SHet al., 2020,

Properties and function of the medial patellofemoral ligament: A systematic review

, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol: 48, Pages: 754-766, ISSN: 0363-5465

BACKGROUND: As the main passive structure preventing patellar lateral subluxation, accurate knowledge of the anatomy, material properties, and functional behavior of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is critical for improving its reconstruction. PURPOSE: To provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the properties and function of the MPFL by undertaking a systematic review and statistical analysis of the literature. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: On June 26, 2018, data for this systematic review were obtained by searching PubMed and Scopus. Articles containing numerical information regarding the anatomy, mechanical properties, and/or functional behavior of the MPFL that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed, recorded, and statistically evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 55 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. The MPFL presented as a fanlike structure spanning from the medial femoral epicondyle to the medial border of the patella. The reported data indicated ultimate failure loads from 72 N to 208 N, ultimate failure elongation from 8.4 mm to 26 mm, and stiffness values from 8.0 N/mm to 42.5 N/mm. In both cadaveric and in vivo studies, the average elongation pattern demonstrated close to isometric behavior of the ligament in the first 50° to 60° of knee flexion, followed by progressive shortening into deep flexion. Kinematic data suggested clear lateralization of the patella in the MPFL-deficient knee during early knee flexion under simulated muscle forces. CONCLUSION: A lack of knowledge regarding the morphology and attachment sites of the MPFL remains. The reported mechanical properties also lack consistency, thus requiring further investigations. However, the results regarding patellar tracking confirm that the lack of an MPFL leads to lateralization of the patella, followed by delayed engagement of the trochlear groove, plausibly leading to an increased risk of patellar dislocations. The observed isometric behavior up to

Journal article

Munford M, Hossain U, Ghouse S, Jeffers JRTet al., 2020,

Prediction of anisotropic mechanical properties for lattice structures

, ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, Vol: 32, ISSN: 2214-8604

Book chapter

Ng KCG, Bankes MJK, Cobb J, Jeffers Jet al., 2020,

Biomechanics of the Native Hip from Normal to Instability

, Hip Dysplasia Understanding and Treating Instability of the Native Hip, Editors: Beaulé, Publisher: Springer, Pages: 55-70, ISBN: 9783030333577

This book represents the most advanced understanding of diagnosis and management of hip dysplasia in the young adult, written by the world’s leading experts and covering advanced imaging and biomechanical studies as well as latest ...

Journal article

Eljaja SB, Konradsen L, Siersma VD, Athwal K, Amis AA, Krogsgaard MRet al., 2020,

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate- and anterolateral ligament deficient knee with a modified iliotibial graft reduces instability more than with an intra-articular hamstring graft

, Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, Vol: 28, Pages: 2526-2534, ISSN: 0942-2056

PURPOSE: To compare knee kinematics before and after anterior cruciate ligament ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) using hamstring graft (HG) and a double-stranded iliotibial tract graft attached to Gerdy's tubercle (providing an extra-articular anterolateral tenodesis) (named the modified iliotibial tract graft = MIT). METHOD: Eighteen cadaveric knees were tested in a 6 degree of freedom kinematics rig. An optical tracking system recorded kinematics of the knee from 0 to 80 degrees of flexion applying no load, internal/external rotation (IR/ER), valgus/varus rotation (VGR/VRR), simulated pivot shift (SPS), anterior translation (AT) and posterior translation loads. The knee was tested before and after resection of the ACL and the anterolateral ligament (ALL), respectively; then after HG-ACL-R and MIT-ACL-R. Grafts were fixed at 20° of flexion. Results were compared to the intact knee. RESULTS: ACL resection resulted in a significant increase in AT (p < 0.05) over the entire range of motion, peaking at 20° of flexion, mean difference 6.6 ± 2.25 mm (p = 0.0007). ACL-R with HG-ACL and MIT-ACL restored AT. Resection of the ALL increased IR in the fully extended knee, mean difference 2.4 ± 2.1° (p = 0.024). When compared to the intact knee and the knee after HG-ACL-R, MIT-ACL-R knee reduced IR/SPS significantly (p < 0.05) in deep flexion angles (60°-80°), peaking at 80° of flexion. The MIT-ACL-R caused significantly less VRR at 80° flexion (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: MIT-ACL-R restored AT equally to the HG-ACL-R. The MIT-ACL-R reduced IR and SPS in deep flexion, resulting in overconstraint. MIT-ACL-R can be used as an alternative to standard reconstruction methods.

Journal article

Hoogeslag RAG, Brouwer RW, Huis In 't Veld R, Amis AAet al., 2020,

Isometric placement of the augmentation braid is not attained reliably in contemporary ACL suture repair

, Knee, Vol: 27, Pages: 111-123, ISSN: 0968-0160

BACKGROUND: To assess if during arthroscopic braid-augmented ACL suture repair (ACLSR), the actual positions of the augmentation braids' tunnels corresponded with the positions of their intended and targeted isometric points, and to test the hypothesis that there would be no dispersion in actual positions of the augmentation braids' tunnels compared to their intended and targeted isometric points. METHODS: In 12 human cadaveric knees, the positions of the augmentation braids' tunnels and their intended and targeted isometric points relative to a femoral and tibial grid were analysed. Furthermore, vector length between these positions was calculated to assess the accuracy and precision of the augmentation braids' tunnel placement. RESULTS: There was dispersion for all of the augmentation braids' tunnel positions compared to their intended isometric points. The femoral and tibial vector lengths (mean ± SD (range)) were 2.9 ± 1.0 (1.1-4.1) and 7.1 ± 2.0 (3.2-9.8) mm respectively. CONCLUSION: In augmented ACLSR, with the ruptured ACL in situ, there was dispersion of the positions of the actual small diameter femoral and tibial augmentation braids' tunnels away from their desired isometric points. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The extent of dispersion of the position of both the femoral and tibial tunnels away from their intended isometric positions may cause cyclic length changes with knee motion. An ACLSR with static braid augmentation will thus be vulnerable to cyclic stretching-out. The difficulty of obtaining an isometric tunnel combination for the small diameter augmentation braid may influence the clinician's choice between non-, static or dynamic augmented ACLSR techniques.

Journal article

Marsland D, Stephen JM, Calder T, Amis AA, Calder JDFet al., 2020,

Flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer to the navicular: tendon-to-tendon repair is stronger compared with interference screw fixation

, Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, Vol: 28, Pages: 320-325, ISSN: 0942-2056

PURPOSE: To assess whether early rehabilitation could be safe after flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer, the current biomechanical study aimed to measure tendon displacement under cyclic loading and load to failure, comparing a traditional tendon-to-tendon (TT) repair with interference screw fixation (ISF). METHODS: 24 fresh-frozen cadaveric below knee specimens underwent FDL tendon transfer. In 12 specimens a TT repair was performed via a navicular bone tunnel. In a further 12 specimens ISF was performed. Using a materials testing machine, the FDL tendon was cycled 1000 times to 150 N and tendon displacement at the insertion site measured. A final load to failure test was then performed. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and an independent t test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULT: No significant difference in tendon displacement occurred after cyclic loading, with mean tendon displacements of 1.9 ± 1.2 mm (mean ± SD) in the TT group and 1.8 ± 1.5 mm in the ISF group (n.s.). Two early failures occurred in the ISF group, none in the TT group. Mean load to failure was significantly greater following TT repair (459 ± 96 N), compared with ISF (327 ± 76 N), p = 0.002. CONCLUSION: Minimal tendon displacement of less than 2 mm occurred during cyclic testing in both groups. The two premature failures and significantly reduced load to failure observed in the ISF group, however, indicate that the traditional TT technique is more robust. Regarding clinical relevance, this study suggests that early active range of motion and protected weight bearing may be safe following FDL tendon transfer for stage 2 tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction.

Journal article

Clark J, Garbout A, Rodrigues Mendes Ferreira S, Javaheri B, Pitsillides A, Rankin S, Jeffers J, Hansen Uet al., 2020,

Propagation phase-contrast micro-computed tomography allows laboratory-based three-dimensional imaging of articular cartilage down to the cellular level

, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Vol: 28, Pages: 102-111, ISSN: 1063-4584

ObjectiveHigh-resolution non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) imaging of chondrocytes in articular cartilage remains elusive. The aim of this study was to explore whether laboratory micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) permits imaging cells within articular cartilage.DesignBovine osteochondral plugs were prepared four ways: in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or 70% ethanol (EtOH), both with or without phosphotungstic acid (PTA) staining. Specimens were imaged with micro-CT following two protocols: 1) absorption contrast (AC) imaging 2) propagation phase-contrast (PPC) imaging. All samples were scanned in liquid. The contrast to noise ratio (C/N) of cellular features quantified scan quality and were statistically analysed. Cellular features resolved by micro-CT were validated by standard histology.ResultsThe highest quality images were obtained using propagation phase-contrast imaging and PTA-staining in 70% EtOH. Cellular features were also visualised when stained in PBS and unstained in EtOH. Under all conditions PPC resulted in greater contrast than AC (p < 0.0001 to p = 0.038). Simultaneous imaging of cartilage and subchondral bone did not impede image quality. Corresponding features were located in both histology and micro-CT and followed the same distribution with similar density and roundness values.ConclusionsThree-dimensional visualisation and quantification of the chondrocyte population within articular cartilage can be achieved across a field of view of several millimetres using laboratory-based micro-CT. The ability to map chondrocytes in 3D opens possibilities for research in fields from skeletal development through to medical device design and treatment of cartilage degeneration.

Journal article

Ng KCG, Jeffers JRT, Beaule PE, 2019,

Hip Joint Capsular Anatomy, Mechanics, and Surgical Management

, JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, Vol: 101, Pages: 2141-2151, ISSN: 0021-9355

Journal article

Doyle R, van Arkel RJ, Jeffers JRT, 2019,

Effect of impaction energy on dynamic bone strains, fixation strength, and seating of cementless acetabular cups

, JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Vol: 37, Pages: 2367-2375, ISSN: 0736-0266

Journal article

Barnes SC, Clasper JC, Bull AMJ, Jeffers JRTet al., 2019,

Micromotion and Push-Out Evaluation of an Additive Manufactured Implant for Above-the-Knee Amputees

, JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Vol: 37, Pages: 2104-2111, ISSN: 0736-0266

Journal article

Garner A, van Arkel RJ, Cobb J, 2019,

Classification of combined partial knee arthroplasty

, Bone and Joint Journal, Vol: 101B, Pages: 922-928, ISSN: 2049-4394

AimsThere has been a recent resurgence in interest in combined partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The varied terminology used to describe these procedures leads to confusion and ambiguity in communication between surgeons, allied health professionals, and patients. A standardized classification system is required for patient safety, accurate clinical record-keeping, clear communication, correct coding for appropriate remuneration, and joint registry data collection.Materials and MethodsAn advanced PubMed search was conducted, using medical subject headings (MeSH) to identify terms and abbreviations used to describe knee arthroplasty procedures. The search related to TKA, unicompartmental (UKA), patellofemoral (PFA), and combined PKA procedures. Surveys were conducted of orthopaedic surgeons, trainees, and biomechanical engineers, who were asked which of the descriptive terms and abbreviations identified from the literature search they found most intuitive and appropriate to describe each procedure. The results were used to determine a popular consensus.ResultsSurvey participants preferred “bi-unicondylar arthroplasty” (Bi-UKA) to describe ipsilateral medial and lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty; “medial bi-compartmental arthroplasty” (BCA-M) to describe ipsilateral medial unicompartmental arthroplasty with patellofemoral arthroplasty; “lateral bi-compartmental arthroplasty” (BCA-L) to describe ipsilateral lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty with patellofemoral arthroplasty; and tri-compartmental arthroplasty (TCA) to describe ipsilateral patellofemoral and medial and lateral unicompartmental arthroplasties. “Combined partial knee arthroplasty” (CPKA) was the favoured umbrella term.ConclusionWe recommend bi-unicondylar arthroplasty (Bi-UKA), medial bicompartmental arthroplasty (BCA-M), lateral bicompartmental arthroplasty (BCA-L), and tricompartmental arthroplasty (

Journal article

Lord BR, El-Daou H, Zdanowicz U, Smigielski R, Amis AAet al., 2019,

The role of fibers within the tibial attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament in restraining tibial displacement

, ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, Vol: 35, Pages: 2101-2111, ISSN: 0749-8063

PurposeTo evaluate the load-bearing functions of the fibers of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial attachment in restraining tibial anterior translation, internal rotation, and combined anterior and internal rotation laxities in a simulated pivot-shift test.MethodsTwelve knees were tested using a robot. Laxities tested were: anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR), and coupled translations and rotations during a simulated pivot-shift. The kinematics of the intact knee was replayed after sequentially transecting 9 segments of the ACL attachment and fibers entering the lateral gutter, measuring their contributions to restraining laxity. The center of effort (COE) of the ACL force transmitted to the tibia was calculated. A blinded anatomic analysis identified the densest fiber area in the attachment of the ACL and thus its centroid (center of area). This centroid was compared with the biomechanical COE.ResultsThe anteromedial tibial fibers were the primary restraint of ATT (84% across 0° to 90° flexion) and IR (61%) during isolated and coupled displacements, except for the pivot-shift and ATT in extension. The lateral gutter resisted 28% of IR at 90° flexion. The anteromedial fibers showed significantly greater restraint of simulated pivot-shift rotations than the central and posterior fibers (P < .05). No significant differences (all <2 mm) were found between the anatomic centroid of the C-shaped attachment and the COE under most loadings.ConclusionsThe peripheral anteromedial fibers were the most important area of the ACL tibial attachment in the restraint of tibial anterior translation and internal rotation during isolated and coupled displacements. These mechanical results matched the C-shaped anteromedial attachment of the dense collagen fibers of the ACL.Clinical RelevanceThe most important fibers in restraining tibial displacements attach to the C-shaped anteromedial area of the native ACL tibial attachment. This findi

Journal article

Devitt BM, Lord BR, Williams A, Amis AA, Feller JAet al., 2019,

Biomechanical assessment of a distally fixed lateral extra-articular augmentation procedure in the treatment of anterolateral rotational laxity of the knee

, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol: 47, Pages: 2102-2109, ISSN: 0363-5465

Background:Most lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) procedures rely on passing a strip of the iliotibial band (ITB) under the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament and fixing it proximally to the femur. The Ellison procedure is a distally fixed lateral extra-articular augmentation procedure with no proximal fixation of the ITB. It has the potential advantages of maintaining a dynamic element of control of knee rotation and avoiding the possibility of overconstraint.Hypothesis:The modified Ellison procedure would restore native knee kinematics after sectioning of the anterolateral capsule, and closure of the ITB defect would decrease rotational laxity of the knee.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Twelve fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were tested in a 6 degrees of freedom robotic system through 0° to 90° of knee flexion to assess anteroposterior, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation laxities. A simulated pivot shift (SPS) was performed at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° of flexion. Kinematic testing was performed in the intact knee and anterolateral capsule–injured knee and after the modified Ellison procedure, with and without closure of the ITB defect. A novel pulley system was used to load the ITB at 30 N for all testing states. Statistical analysis used repeated measures analyses of variance and paired t tests with Bonferroni adjustments.Results:Sectioning of the anterolateral capsule increased anterior drawer and IR during isolated displacement and with the SPS (mean increase, 2° of IR; P < .05). The modified Ellison procedure reduced both isolated and coupled IR as compared with the sectioned state (P < .05). During isolated testing, IR was reduced close to that of the intact state with the modified Ellison procedure, except at 30° of knee flexion, when it was slightly overconstrained. During the SPS, IR with the closed modified Ellison was less than that in the intact state at 15° and 30° of fl

Journal article

Ghouse S, Reznikov N, Boughton OR, Babu S, Ng KCG, Blunn G, Cobb JP, Stevens MM, Jeffers JRTet al., 2019,

The design and <i>in vivo</i> testing of a locally stiffness-matched porous scaffold

, APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY, Vol: 15, Pages: 377-388, ISSN: 2352-9407

Journal article

Boughton O, Ma S, Cai X, Yan L, Peralta L, Laugier P, Marrow J, Giuliani F, Hansen U, Abel R, Grimal Q, Cobb Jet al., 2019,

Computed tomography porosity and spherical indentation for determining cortical bone millimetre-scale mechanical properties

, Scientific Reports, Vol: 9, ISSN: 2045-2322

The cortex of the femoral neck is a key structural element of the human body, yet there is not a reliable metric for predicting the mechanical properties of the bone in this critical region. This study explored the use of a range of non-destructive metrics to measure femoral neck cortical bone stiffness at the millimetre length scale. A range of testing methods and imaging techniques were assessed for their ability to measure or predict the mechanical properties of cortical bone samples obtained from the femoral neck of hip replacement patients. Techniques that can potentially be applied in vivo to measure bone stiffness, including computed tomography (CT), bulk wave ultrasound (BWUS) and indentation, were compared against in vitro techniques, including compression testing, density measurements and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Porosity, as measured by micro-CT, correlated with femoral neck cortical bone’s elastic modulus and ultimate compressive strength at the millimetre length scale. Large-tip spherical indentation also correlated with bone mechanical properties at this length scale but to a lesser extent. As the elastic mechanical properties of cortical bone correlated with porosity, we would recommend further development of technologies that can safely measure cortical porosity in vivo.Introduction

Journal article

Athwal K, Milner P, Bellier G, Amis AAet al., 2019,

Posterior capsular release is a biomechanically safe procedure to perform in total knee arthroplasty

, Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, Vol: 27, Pages: 1587-1594, ISSN: 0942-2056

PurposeSurgeons may attempt to strip the posterior capsule from its femoral attachment to overcome flexion contracture in total knee arthroplasty (TKA); however, it is unclear if this impacts anterior–posterior (AP) laxity of the implanted knee. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of posterior capsular release on AP laxity in TKA, and compare this to the restraint from the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).MethodsEight cadaveric knees were mounted in a six degree of freedom testing rig and tested at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° flexion with ± 150 N AP force, with and without a 710 N axial compressive load. After the native knee was tested, a deep dished cruciate-retaining TKA was implanted and the tests were repeated. The PCL was then cut, followed by releasing the posterior capsule using a curved osteotome.ResultsWith 0 N axial load applied, cutting the PCL as well as releasing the posterior capsule significantly increased posterior laxity compared to the native knee at all flexion angles, and CR TKA states at 30°, 60° and 90° (p < 0.05). However, no significant increase in laxity was found between cutting the PCL and subsequent PostCap release (n.s.). In anterior drawer, there was a significant increase of 1.4 mm between cutting the PCL and PostCap release at 0°, but not at any other flexion angles (p = 0.021). When a 710 N axial load was applied, there was no significant difference in anterior or posterior translation across the different knee states (n.s.).ConclusionsPosterior capsular release only caused a small change in AP laxity compared to cutting the PCL and, therefore, may not be considered detrimental to overall AP stability if performed during TKA surgery.Level of evidenceControlled laboratory study.

Journal article

Amis AA, 2019,

Editorial commentary: taking a wider view during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? the case for doing more than just reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament itself

, ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, Vol: 35, Pages: 1484-1485, ISSN: 0749-8063

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may leave a residual instability. If other pathology is identified, the surgeon should consider doing more than the isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to address peripheral lesions to the menisci, ligaments, and capsule in selected cases.

Journal article

Kedroff L, Galea Holmes MN, Amis A, Newham DJet al., 2019,

Effect of patellofemoral pain on foot posture and walking kinematics

, Gait and Posture, Vol: 70, Pages: 361-369, ISSN: 0966-6362

Background Excessive pronation has been implicated in patellofemoral pain (PFP) aetiology and foot orthoses are commonly prescribed for PFP patients. Pronation can be assessed using foot posture tests, however, the utility of such tests depends on their association with foot and lower-limb kinematics. Research questions Do PFP participants compared with healthy participants (1) have a more pronated foot measured with static foot tests and a kinematic multi-segmental foot model and (2) is there an association between static foot posture and foot and lower limb kinematics during walking? Methods A case-control study including 22 participants (n = 11 PFP, 5 females per group, aged 24 ± 3 (mean ± SD) years) was conducted. Foot posture measures included Arch Height Ratio, Navicular Drop (ND), and Foot Posture Index. Between-group comparisons of foot posture, segment and joint angle magnitudes, and associations between foot posture and kinematic data during gait were evaluated. Results There were no group differences in foot posture tests and mean joint angles. PFP participants had greater internal rotation of the shank and rearfoot segments, and adduction of the mid- and forefoot in the transverse plane (all p < 0.05). Greater ND was associated with increased forefoot abduction (rho=-0.68, p = 0.02) in healthy participants but no relationships were found between foot posture and kinematics in PFP participants. Significance Foot posture and kinematic data did not indicate excessive pronation in PFP participants questioning the use of orthoses to correct pronation. Larger studies are needed to determine the utility of foot posture tests as indicators of gait abnormalities in PFP.

Journal article

Logishetty K, van Arkel RJ, Ng KCG, Muirhead-Allwood SK, Cobb JP, Jeffers JRTet al., 2019,

Hip capsule biomechanics after arthroplasty THE EFFECT OF IMPLANT, APPROACH, AND SURGICAL REPAIR

, BONE & JOINT JOURNAL, Vol: 101B, Pages: 426-434, ISSN: 2049-4394

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