Climate finance markets and instruments are an essential part of fortifying global solidarity on climate change. This includes mobilising capital, scaling-up investment, managing risks, enhancing transparency and accountability, and facilitating international cooperation in the transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. By harnessing the power of finance and investment, these instruments can drive transformative change towards a sustainable and resilient future for all
![The sunset sets in orange and yellow behind a looming silhouette of an oil rig, in the middle of the ocean.](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-06/Commodity%20derivatives.png?h=e7238555&itok=LGLXWcF2)
Carbon Accounting for Commodity Derivatives
Financial firms and commodity manufacturers must navigate their portfolios and manage greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating the development of methodologies for accurate carbon accounting in commodity derivatives to support net zero strategies, according to a report authored through Imperial Consultants.
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![A small young Christmas tree grows out of the ground.](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-02/GettyImages-1403959873%282%29.jpg?h=9dfa8f53&itok=w93nJjdn)
The Carbon Credit Price and National Tree Planting Impact of Woodland Carbon Code Admittance to the UK-ETS
A new policy paper from King's College London, Imperial College Business School & Foresight Sustainable Forestry Company suggests that admitting the Woodland Carbon Code (WCC) into the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK-ETS) could unlock significant economic and environmental benefits.
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![3 cubes of wooden blocks sit on top of an open laptop. Close up shows the laptop is sitting on grass (in nature). Environment, Social and Governance are written on each of the three cubes.](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2024-01/Sml%20ESG%20concepts%20regarding%20environment%2C%20society%2C%20and%20governance%20Sustainable%20and%20ethical%20business%20Wooden%20cube%20with%20ESG%20text%20on%20laptop.%20Green%20energy.%20renewable%20and%20sustainable.jpg?h=3c15c50f&itok=xI7Zkbvc)
ESG regulatory framework for asset managers in the EU, UK, US and Singapore
This study highlights how asset managers should look at ESG regulations globally for the long-term competitiveness of their ESG fund offering. Regulations played a pivotal role in the developments of the ESG framework, thus understanding regional variances and underlying principles may help firms anticipating investor preferences.
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![A collection of skyscrapers in the London skyline shows buildings with some lights on, in front of a grey, cloudy sky](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2023-12/GettyImages-1312550959%281%29.jpg?h=9d96f97f&itok=Bxb1Vn0u)
Global Voluntary Carbon Markets(VCMs) and Market Infrastructure
This policy brief provides insights on global VCMs and market infrastructure following a roundtable
held in London on 19 October 2023. The roundtable focused on the role of market infrastructure in scaling up voluntary carbon markets
(VCMs).
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![Oxygen converter process in a steel mill. Hot liquid pig iron pouring into oxygen furnace.](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2023-11/Oxygen%20converter%20process%20in%20a%20steel%20mill-sml.png?h=4f645f12&itok=_d9gSlZp)
Financial Implications of Carbon Pricing in the Asian Cement and Steel Industries
Carbon pricing sits high on the COP28 agenda. High carbon-emitting businesses in Asia will see consistent negative profits if they fail to decarbonise. This new report from the Centre for Climate Finance & Investment aims to quantify the effect of carbon pricing systems on leading cement and steel producers.
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![A photo of the large marina barge in Singapore, with the cityscape in the background](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2023-02/GettyImages-184858748.small_.jpg?h=b76d0694&itok=xmYMVSkW)
Are Markets Interested in Adapting to Climate? Insights From Singapore
New research from the Singapore Green Finance Centre finds far-reaching interventions are needed to overcome existing shortcomings in Singapore’s approach to climate adaptation projects.
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![Tops of trees - pine forest](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2023-01/tops-of-pine-forest_800.jpg?h=7fb2964e&itok=mJGNbuUw)
Forestry-Backed Assets Design
New research from the Singapore Green Finance Centre finds that bundling forest investments across forest ages, geographies, and ecosystems can reduce investment risk by half or more.
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![Singapore skyline](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2022-11/swapnil-bapat-sJ7pYyJFyuA-unsplash.jpg?h=a105f303&itok=PxfU9trI)
Financial Accounting For Carbon Finance: A New Standard For A New Paradigm
A new policy paper offering new insights into carbon financial accounting and extending our previous COP26 Green Finance Report.
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![Railway in germany](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2022-09/railway%20Germnany.jpg?h=7f23fc06&itok=ny0EfVmj)
Adaptation Bonds: Lessons from the US Municipal Bond Market to Help Close the Adaptation Financing Gap
Read our newest report, where Honorary Research Fellow Bob Buhr proposes an innovative way to tackle the "adaptation funding gap".
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![Wildfires blazing in Australia](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2022-09/Screenshot%202022-09-21%20at%2012.37.51_0.png?h=1bf22a53&itok=Q3b4RdNo)
Information on Hot Stuff: Do Lenders Pay Attention?
New research from CCFI Post-Doctorate Associate Mandeep Singh suggests that banks factor information on local abnormal high temperature occuranes into their lending decisions.
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![Cryptocurrencies and Climate Ch](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2022-08/Screenshot%202022-08-30%20154806.png?h=1832078e&itok=fbgRpp-1)
Damage Limitation: Cryptocurrencies and Climate Change
Efforts must be made to make cryptocurrency mining less energy-intensive to limit the ever-worsening impact on the climate, despite the acknowledged financial benefits of cryptocurrencies.
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![Coal mining in Indonesia](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2022-06/dominik-vanyi-Mk2ls9UBO2E-unsplash.jpg?h=8b526752&itok=0ml-4rDx)
The Great Carbon Arbitrage
New research co-authored by Patrick Bolton, Professor of Finance and Economics at the CCFI, demonstrates how the social benefits would outweigh the costs of a transition from coal to renewable energy.
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![Climate Risk Taxonomy cover CCFI](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2021-12/Climate%20Change%20Fires.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=lHK3jXB3)
What Is Climate Risk? A Field Guide for Investors, Lenders and Regulators
Financial climate risks of concern need rigorous definition for analysis. Forthcoming CCFI research presents a model climate risk taxonomy that encapsulates a broad range of potential physical and transition risks.
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![A windfarm behind a tractor ploughing a field](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2021-10/COP26.png?h=f544c9d2&itok=oMnXERQ6)
Voluntary Carbon Markets in ASEAN: Challenges and Opportunities for Scaling Up
UK’s COP26 Universities Network and leading research centres in Singapore partner on policy reports highlighting climate change in the ASEAN region.
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The Race for Green Capital in Emerging Markets
Emerging markets are highly vulnerable to climate change and require significant amounts of foreign capital to fund transition, mitigation, and adaption measures. EM is not capturing its share of the potential. Our paper explores the reasons why.
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![CCFI Colourful Pencils Cover](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2021-12/Colorful%20Pencils.jpg?h=aa81dfca&itok=ZbvJevxM)
Transition Finance: Managing Funding to Carbon-Intensive Firms
This discussion paper seeks to advance the concept of transition finance as a channel for systemic decarbonization of the global economy.
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![GRASFI](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2020-01/GRAFSI%2520LOGO%2520New.png?h=24f12e01&itok=0NBEraPp)
Credit Risk Sensitivity to Carbon Price - GRASFI 2020 Best Climate Finance Paper
The winner of the GRASFI 2020 Best Climate Finance Paper sponsored by Imperial College London CCFI was written by Vincent Bouchet, Caisse des Depots and Theo Le Guenedal, Amundi Asset Management
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![CCFI logo](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2019-08/Untitled%20design%20%28101%29_0.jpg?h=eb901320&itok=FB4eKpSB)
The High Cost of Electricity Price Uncertainty
Removing subsidies and revenue stability for renewable power generators will come at a cost. We estimate that exposure to volatile wholesale power prices will drive up the cost of capital for new renewable power projects.
![CCFI logo](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2019-08/Untitled%20design%20%28101%29_0.jpg?h=eb901320&itok=FB4eKpSB)
Credit Risks and Investment Taxonomies - Research in Progress
Credit Risks and Investment Taxonomies is a forthcoming research paper by CCFI and funded by INSPIRE by ClimateWorks. The aim of this research project is to understand the forward-looking risks associated with investments in “brown” industries.
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![Green recovery](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2020-09/GettyImages-154457902.jpg?h=64108e80&itok=HLGT2r4-)
Understanding Green Bonds
Our research reveals that granular data on the nature of green bond demand and the motives of buy-side market participants remains elusive.
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![Low carbon energy Imperial College](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2019-08/Power%20lines%20960x576.jpg?h=27a93da2&itok=OPli6b17)
Firm Power Parity
This paper proposes a new conceptual framework for understanding competition in electricity markets.
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![Wind Turbines](/business-school/sites/default/files/styles/focalpoint_5x4_560/public/2022-11/Screenshot%202022-11-07%20at%2015.33.58.png?h=d723a819&itok=NXSDcEm9)
Electricity markets, incentives and zero subsidy renewables
This Energy Futures Lab briefing paper is a review of these electricity market arrangements in the UK.
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