@article{Jennings:2015:10.1073/pnas.1503058112,
author = {Jennings, LK and Storek, KM and Ledvina, HE and Coulon, C and Marmont, LS and Sadovskaya, I and Secor, PR and Tseng, BS and Scian, M and Filloux, A and Wozniak, DJ and Howell, PL and Parsek, MR},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1503058112},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
pages = {11353--11358},
title = {Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503058112},
volume = {112},
year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Biofilm formation is a complex, ordered process. In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides and extracellular DNA (eDNA) serve as structural components of the biofilm matrix. Despite intensive study, Pel’s chemical structure and spatial localization within mature biofilms remain unknown. Using specialized carbohydrate chemical analyses, we unexpectedly found that Pel is a positively charged exopolysaccharide composed of partially acetylated 1→4 glycosidic linkages of N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Guided by the knowledge of Pel’s sugar composition, we developed a tool for the direct visualization of Pel in biofilms by combining Pel-specific Wisteria floribunda lectin staining with confocal microscopy. The results indicate that Pel cross-links eDNA in the biofilm stalk via ionic interactions. Our data demonstrate that the cationic charge of Pel is distinct from that of other known P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharides and is instrumental in its ability to interact with other key biofilm matrix components.
AU  - Jennings,LK
AU  - Storek,KM
AU  - Ledvina,HE
AU  - Coulon,C
AU  - Marmont,LS
AU  - Sadovskaya,I
AU  - Secor,PR
AU  - Tseng,BS
AU  - Scian,M
AU  - Filloux,A
AU  - Wozniak,DJ
AU  - Howell,PL
AU  - Parsek,MR
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.1503058112
EP  - 11358
PY  - 2015///
SN  - 1091-6490
SP  - 11353
TI  - Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503058112
UR  - https://www.pnas.org/content/112/36/11353/
VL  - 112
ER  - 

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