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Conference paperZimmerman K, Scott G, Violante I, et al., 2016,
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus in chronic traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor &; Francis, Pages: 660-661, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperDe Simoni S, Kochaj R, Jenkins P, et al., 2016,
Changes in cerebral blood flow and their relationship to cognition following traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 605-605, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperJolly AE, De Simoni S, Cole JH, et al., 2016,
Identifying cognitive impairment in TBI: A novel multivariate approach
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 518-518, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperScott G, Gunn RN, Matthews PM, et al., 2016,
Minocycline reduces microglial activation after traumatic brain injury measured using [11C]-PBR28 positron emission tomography
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 686-687, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperJenkins P, De Simoni S, Fleminger J, et al., 2016,
Disruption to the dopaminergic system following traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 670-670, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Journal articleMontaldo P, Oliveira V, Lally PJ, et al., 2016,
Therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal cervical spine injury
, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal & Neonatal Edition, Vol: 101, Pages: F468-F468, ISSN: 1468-2052 -
Journal articleDinov M, Lorenz R, Scott G, et al., 2016,
Novel modeling of task versus rest brain state predictability using a dynamic time warping spectrum: comparisons and contrasts with other standard measures of brain dynamics
, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1662-5188Dynamic time warping, or DTW, is a powerful and domain-general sequence alignment method for computing a similarity measure. Such dynamic programming-based techniques like DTW are now the backbone and driver of most bioinformatics methods and discoveries. In neuroscience it has had far less use, though this has begun to change. We wanted to explore new ways of applying DTW, not simply as a measure with which to cluster or compare similarity between features but in a conceptually different way. We have used DTW to provide a more interpretable spectral description of the data, compared to standard approaches such as the Fourier and related transforms. The DTW approach and standard discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are assessed against benchmark measures of neural dynamics. These include EEG microstates, EEG avalanches and the sum squared error (SSE) from a multilayer perceptron (MLP) prediction of the EEG timeseries, and simultaneously acquired FMRI BOLD signal. We explored the relationships between these variables of interest in an EEG-FMRI dataset acquired during a standard cognitive task, which allowed us to explore how DTW differentially performs in different task settings. We found that despite strong correlations between DTW and DFT-spectra, DTW was a better predictor for almost every measure of brain dynamics. Using these DTW measures, we show that predictability is almost always higher in task than in rest states, which is consistent to other theoretical and empirical findings, providing additional evidence for the utility of the DTW approach.
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Journal articleByrne CS, Chambers ES, Alhabeeb H, et al., 2016,
Increased colonic propionate reduces anticipatory reward responses in the human striatum to high-energy foods
, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol: 104, ISSN: 1938-3207BACKGROUND: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites produced through the microbial fermentation of nondigestible dietary components, have key roles in energy homeostasis. Animal research suggests that colon-derived SCFAs modulate feeding behavior via central mechanisms. In humans, increased colonic production of the SCFA propionate acutely reduces energy intake. However, evidence of an effect of colonic propionate on the human brain or reward-based eating behavior is currently unavailable. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of increased colonic propionate production on brain anticipatory reward responses during food picture evaluation. We hypothesized that elevated colonic propionate would reduce both reward responses and ad libitum energy intake via stimulation of anorexigenic gut hormone secretion. DESIGN: In a randomized crossover design, 20 healthy nonobese men completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) food picture evaluation task after consumption of control inulin or inulin-propionate ester, a unique dietary compound that selectively augments colonic propionate production. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal was measured in a priori brain regions involved in reward processing, including the caudate, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, anterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex (n = 18 had analyzable fMRI data). RESULTS: Increasing colonic propionate production reduced BOLD signal during food picture evaluation in the caudate and nucleus accumbens. In the caudate, the reduction in BOLD signal was driven specifically by a lowering of the response to high-energy food. These central effects were partnered with a decrease in subjective appeal of high-energy food pictures and reduced energy intake during an ad libitum meal. These observations were not related to changes in blood peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose, or insulin concentrations. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that colonic propionate production may play
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Journal articleSu T, Wit FW, Caan MW, et al., 2016,
White matter hyperintensities in relation to cognition in HIV-infected men with sustained suppressed viral load on cART
, AIDS, Vol: 30, Pages: 2329-2339, ISSN: 1473-5571OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess whether HIV-infected patients on long-term successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have more extensive white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin compared with uninfected controls and whether these intensities are associated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we explored potential determinants of increased WMH loadin long-term suppressed HIV infection. DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparison of WMH in an observational cohort. METHODS: Clinical, cognitive and magnetic resonance imagingdata were collected from 103middle-aged, aviremic HIV-infected menon cART and 70 HIV-uninfected, otherwise similar controls. In the MRI data, WMH load was quantified by automated approaches and qualitatively reviewed by an experienced neuroradiologist using the Fazekas scale. RESULTS: HIV-infected men hadan increased WMHload. Among HIV-infected patients, increased WMH load was independently associated witholder age, higher diastolic blood pressure and D-dimer levels,and longer time spent with a CD4 count below 500 cells/mm. HIV-associated cognitive deficits were associated with increased WMHload. CONCLUSIONS: WMHare more extensive and associated with cognitive deficitsin middle-aged,aviremic cART-treated HIV-infected men. The extent of WMH load wasassociated with both cardiovascular risk factors and past immune deficiency. Since cognitive impairment in these same patients is also associated with these risk factors, this may suggest that in the setting of HIV, WMH and cognitive deficits share a common etiology. This supports the importance of optimizing cardiovascular risk management, and early, effective treatment of HIVinfection.
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Conference paperWhittington A, Sharp D, Gunn R, 2016,
Spatiotemporal distribution of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease results from heterogeneous regional carrying capacities
, Publisher: SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC, ISSN: 0161-5505- Author Web Link
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