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Conference paperMason S, Zhang J, Rowe J, et al., 2014,
FRONTOSTRIATAL ABNORMALITIES IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE: AN FMRI STUDY
, 8th European-Huntington's-Disease-Network Plenary Meeting, Publisher: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, Pages: A45-A45, ISSN: 0022-3050 -
Journal articleJilka SR, Scott G, Ham T, et al., 2014,
Damage to the Salience Network and Interactions with the Default Mode Network
, JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Vol: 34, Pages: 10798-10807, ISSN: 0270-6474- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 156
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Journal articleLeech R, Scott G, Carhart-Harris R, et al., 2014,
Spatial Dependencies between Large-Scale Brain Networks
, PLoS ONE, Vol: 9<p>Functional neuroimaging reveals both increases (task-positive) and decreases (task-negative) in neural activation with many tasks. Many studies show a <italic>temporal</italic> relationship between task positive and task negative networks that is important for efficient cognitive functioning. Here we provide evidence for a <italic>spatial</italic> relationship between task positive and negative networks. There are strong spatial similarities between many reported task negative brain networks, termed the default mode network, which is typically assumed to be a spatially fixed network. However, this is not the case. The spatial structure of the DMN varies depending on what specific task is being performed. We test whether there is a fundamental <italic>spatial</italic> relationship between task positive and negative networks. Specifically, we hypothesize that the distance between task positive and negative voxels is consistent despite different spatial patterns of activation and deactivation evoked by different cognitive tasks. We show significantly reduced variability in the distance between within-condition task positive and task negative voxels than across-condition distances for four different sensory, motor and cognitive tasks - implying that deactivation patterns are spatially dependent on activation patterns (and <italic>vice versa</italic>), and that both are modulated by specific task demands. We also show a similar relationship between positively and negatively correlated networks from a third ‘rest’ dataset, in the absence of a specific task. We propose that this spatial relationship may be the macroscopic analogue of microscopic neuronal organization reported in sensory cortical systems, and that this organization may reflect homeostatic plasticity necessary for efficient brain function.</p>
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Journal articleScholtz S, Miras AD, Chhina N, et al., 2014,
Obese patients after gastric bypass surgery have lower brain-hedonic responses to food than after gastric banding
, GUT, Vol: 63, Pages: 891-902, ISSN: 0017-5749 -
Journal articleVijayan R, Scott G, Brownlie W, 2014,
Out of sight, but not out of mind? Greater reported pain in patients who spontaneously look away during venepuncture
, EJP, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 1532-2149 -
Journal articleGoldstone AP, Prechtl CG, Scholtz S, et al., 2014,
Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food
, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, Vol: 99, Pages: 1319-1330, ISSN: 0002-9165 -
Journal articleDaud NM, Ismail NA, Thomas EL, et al., 2014,
The Impact of Oligofructose on Stimulation of Gut Hormones, Appetite Regulation and Adiposity
, OBESITY, Vol: 22, Pages: 1430-1438, ISSN: 1930-7381- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 60
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Journal articleErika-Florence M, Leech R, Hampshire A, 2014,
A functional network perspective on response inhibition and attentional control
, NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2041-1723- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 170
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Journal articleMiras AD, Scholtz S, Chhina N, et al., 2014,
Role for Increased Plasma PYY and GLP-1 in Reducing Anticipatory Food Reward after Gastric Bypass Surgery
, ENDOCRINE REVIEWS, Vol: 35, ISSN: 0163-769X -
Journal articleHerrera PM, Speranza M, Hampshire A, et al., 2014,
Monetary rewards modulate inhibitory control
, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol: 8The ability to override a dominant response, often referred to as behavioral inhibition, is considered a key element of executive cognition. Poor behavioral inhibition is a defining characteristic of several neurological and psychiatric populations. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the motivational dimension of behavioral inhibition, with some experiments incorporating emotional contingencies in classical inhibitory paradigms such as the Go/NoGo and Stop Signal Tasks (SSTs). Several studies have reported a positive modulatory effect of reward on performance in pathological conditions such as substance abuse, pathological gambling, and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). However, experiments that directly investigate the modulatory effects of reward magnitudes on the performance of inhibitory tasks are scarce and little is known about the finer grained relationship between motivation and inhibitory control. Here we probed the effect of reward magnitude and context on behavioral inhibition with three modified versions of the widely used SST. The pilot study compared inhibition performance during six blocks alternating neutral feedback, low, medium, and high monetary rewards. Study One compared increasing vs. decreasing rewards, with low, high rewards, and neutral feedback; whilst Study Two compared low and high reward magnitudes alone also in an increasing and decreasing reward design. The reward magnitude effect was not demonstrated in the pilot study, probably due to a learning effect induced by practice in this lengthy task. The reward effect per se was weak but the context (order of reward) was clearly suggested in Study One, and was particularly strongly confirmed in study two. In addition, these findings revealed a "kick start effect" over global performance measures. Specifically, there was a long lasting improvement in performance throughout the task when participants received the highest reward magnitudes at the beginning o
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