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Journal articleHerrera PM, Speranza M, Hampshire A, et al., 2014,
Monetary rewards modulate inhibitory control
, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol: 8The ability to override a dominant response, often referred to as behavioral inhibition, is considered a key element of executive cognition. Poor behavioral inhibition is a defining characteristic of several neurological and psychiatric populations. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the motivational dimension of behavioral inhibition, with some experiments incorporating emotional contingencies in classical inhibitory paradigms such as the Go/NoGo and Stop Signal Tasks (SSTs). Several studies have reported a positive modulatory effect of reward on performance in pathological conditions such as substance abuse, pathological gambling, and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). However, experiments that directly investigate the modulatory effects of reward magnitudes on the performance of inhibitory tasks are scarce and little is known about the finer grained relationship between motivation and inhibitory control. Here we probed the effect of reward magnitude and context on behavioral inhibition with three modified versions of the widely used SST. The pilot study compared inhibition performance during six blocks alternating neutral feedback, low, medium, and high monetary rewards. Study One compared increasing vs. decreasing rewards, with low, high rewards, and neutral feedback; whilst Study Two compared low and high reward magnitudes alone also in an increasing and decreasing reward design. The reward magnitude effect was not demonstrated in the pilot study, probably due to a learning effect induced by practice in this lengthy task. The reward effect per se was weak but the context (order of reward) was clearly suggested in Study One, and was particularly strongly confirmed in study two. In addition, these findings revealed a "kick start effect" over global performance measures. Specifically, there was a long lasting improvement in performance throughout the task when participants received the highest reward magnitudes at the beginning o
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Conference paperNigmatullina Y, Hellyer PM, Nachev P, et al., 2014,
The neuroanatomical correlates of vestibular adaptation in ballet dancers
, Joint Congress of European Neurology, Publisher: WILEY-BLACKWELL, Pages: 278-278, ISSN: 1351-5101 -
Journal articleKwok H-T, Baxter D, DeFelice J, et al., 2014,
The neuropathology of blast traumatic brain injury in a porcine polytrauma model
, BRAIN INJURY, Vol: 28, Pages: 779-780, ISSN: 0269-9052 -
Journal articleBaker S, Williams H, Sharp D, et al., 2014,
Sports-related concussion and diffusion tensor imaging findings in rugby players
, BRAIN INJURY, Vol: 28, Pages: 686-686, ISSN: 0269-9052- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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Journal articleSimmonds AJ, Wise RJS, Collins C, et al., 2014,
Parallel systems in the control of speech
, HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Vol: 35, Pages: 1930-1943, ISSN: 1065-9471- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 19
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Conference paperNigmatullina Y, Hellyer PM, Nachev P, et al., 2014,
The neuroanatomical correlates of vestibular adaptation in ballet dancers
, Joint Congress of European Neurology, Publisher: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, Pages: S190-S191, ISSN: 0340-5354 -
Journal articleSharp DJ, Scott G, Leech R, 2014,
Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
, NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY, Vol: 10, Pages: 156-166, ISSN: 1759-4758- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 427
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Journal articleHeymsfield SB, Avena NM, Baier L, et al., 2014,
Hyperphagia: Current Concepts and Future Directions Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Hyperphagia
, OBESITY, Vol: 22, Pages: S1-S17, ISSN: 1930-7381- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 55
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Journal articleHam TE, Bonnelle V, Hellyer P, et al., 2014,
The neural basis of impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury
, BRAIN, Vol: 137, Pages: 586-597, ISSN: 0006-8950- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 83
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Journal articleHellyer PJ, Shanahan MP, Scott G, et al., 2014,
The control of global brain dynamics: opposing actions of frontoparietal control and default mode networks on attention
, Journal of Neuroscience, Vol: 34, Pages: 451-461, ISSN: 1529-2401Understanding how dynamic changes in brain activity control behavior is a major challenge of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we consider the brain as a complex dynamic system and define two measures of brain dynamics: the synchrony of brain activity, measured by the spatial coherence of the BOLD signal across regions of the brain; and metastability, which we define as the extent to which synchrony varies over time. We investigate the relationship among brain network activity, metastability, and cognitive state in humans, testing the hypothesis that global metastability is “tuned” by network interactions. We study the following two conditions: (1) an attentionally demanding choice reaction time task (CRT); and (2) an unconstrained “rest” state. Functional MRI demonstrated increased synchrony, and decreased metastability was associated with increased activity within the frontoparietal control/dorsal attention network (FPCN/DAN) activity and decreased default mode network (DMN) activity during the CRT compared with rest. Using a computational model of neural dynamics that is constrained by white matter structure to test whether simulated changes in FPCN/DAN and DMN activity produce similar effects, we demonstate that activation of the FPCN/DAN increases global synchrony and decreases metastability. DMN activation had the opposite effects. These results suggest that the balance of activity in the FPCN/DAN and DMN might control global metastability, providing a mechanistic explanation of how attentional state is shifted between an unfocused/exploratory mode characterized by high metastability, and a focused/constrained mode characterized by low metastability.
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