Selected publications are listed below under the following headings:
- Concrete microstructure
- Transport properties
- Concrete degradation
- Reinforcement corrosion
- Lab test development
- Monitoring method development
- Electrochemical protection/repair
- Surface treatments
- Life prediction
Concrete microstructure
- Head, M.K., Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Characterisation of ‘Hadley' grains by confocal microscopy", Cem & Concr. Res., 36 (2006) 1483-1489.
- Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Euclidean distance mapping for computing microstructural gradients at interfaces in composite materials", Cem. & Concr. Res., 36, (2006) 1091-1097.
- Wong, H.S., Head, M.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Pore segmentation of cement-based materials from back-scattered electron images", Cem. & Concr. Res., 36, (2006) 1083-1090.
- Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Monte Carlo simulation of electron-solid interactions in cement-based materials", Cem & Concr. Res., 36, (2006) 1076-1082.
- Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Patch microstructure in cement-based materials: fact or artefact?", Cem. & Concr. Res., 36, (2006) 990-997.
- Head, M.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Measurement of aggregate interfacial porosity in complex multi-phase aggregate concrete: Binary mask production using backscattered electron, and energy dispersive X-ray images", Cem. & Concr. Res., 36, (2006), 337-345.
- Glass, G.K., Yang, R., Dickhaus, T. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Backscattered electron imaging of the steel-concrete interface", Corr. Sci. 43, (2001), 605-610.
- Yang, R. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Binary segmentation of aggregate in SEM image analysis of concrete", Cem. & Concr. Res. 31, (2001), 437-441.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Yang, R., "On-site curing of concrete: Microstructure and durability", CIRIA C530, CIRIA, London 2001.
Transport properties
- Wong, H.S., Zobel, M., Buenfeld, N.R. and Zimmerman, R.W., "Influence of interfacial transition zone and microcracking on the diffusivity, permeability and sorptivity of cement-based materials after drying", Mag. Concr. Res., 61, (2009) 571-589.
- Zheng, J.-J., Buenfeld, N.R. and Hong H.S., "Assessing the influence of ITZ on the steady-state chloride diffusivity of concrete using a numerical model", Cem. & Concr. Res., 39, (2009) 805-813.
- Wong, H.S., Buenfeld, N.R., Hill, J. and Harris, A.W., "Mass transport properties of mature wasteform grouts", Adv. Cem. Res., 19 (2007) 35-46.
- Wong, H.S., Buenfeld, N.R. and Head, M.K., "Estimating transport properties of mortars using image analysis on backscattered electron images", Cem & Concr. Res., 36 (2006) 1556-1566.
- Aldred, J.M., Rangan, B.V. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Effect of initial moisture content on wick action through concrete", Cem. & Concr. Res., 34, (2004), 907-912.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Okundi, E., "Effect of cement content on transport in concrete", Mag. Concr. Res., 50, (1998), 339-351.
- Buenfeld, N.R., Glass, G.K., Hassanein, A.M., and Zhang, J.-Z., "Chloride transport in concrete subjected to an electric field", ASCE, J. Mats Civ. Eng. 10, (1998), 220-228.
- Puyate, Y.T., Lawrence, C.J., Buenfeld, N.R. and McLoughlin, I.M., "Chloride transport models for wick action in concrete at large Peclet number", Physics of Fluids 10, (1998), 566-575.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Newman, J.B., "The permeability of concrete in a marine environment", Mag. Concr. Res. 36, (1984) 67-76.
Concrete degradation
- Grassl, P., Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Influence of aggregate size and volume fraction on shrinkage induced micro-cracking of concrete and mortar", Cem. & Concr. Res., 40, (2010) 85-93.
- Zhang, J.-Z. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Measuring the membrane potential across cement-based materials", Mats & Structs 33, (2000), 492-498.
- Yang, R. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Microstructural identification of thaumasite in concrete by backscattered electron imaging at low vacuum", Cem. & Concr. Res. 30, (2000), 775-9.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Okundi, E., "Release of air from unsaturated aggregate during setting of concrete", Constr. & Buildg Mats 13, (1999), 143-147.
- Glass, G.K., Hassanein, N.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Neural network modelling of chloride binding", Mag. Concr. Res. 49, (1997), 323-335.
- Zhang, J-Z. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Presence and possible implications of a membrane potential in concrete exposed to chloride solution", Cem. & Concr. Res. 27, (1997), 853-859.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Newman, J.B., "The development and stability of surface layers on concrete exposed to sea water", Cem. & Concr. Res. 16, (1986), 721 732.
Reinforcement corrosion
- Wong, H.S., Zhao, Y.X., Karimi, A.R. and Buenfeld, N.R. (2010), "On the penetration of corrosion products from reinforcing steel into concrete due to chloride-induced corrosion", Corrosion Science, Vol. 52, Issue 7, 2469-2480.
- Ann, K.Y. and Buenfeld, N.R., "The effect of calcium nitrite on the chloride-induced corrosion of steel in concrete", Mag. Concr. Res., 59 (2007), 689-697.
- Glass, G.K., Reddy, B. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Process for protection of reinforced concrete" Patent No. CN1398243, (2003). Also published as WO0155056, US6685822, US2003075457, CA2398022.
- Reddy, B., Glass, G.K., Lim, P.J. and Buenfeld, N.R., "On the corrosion risk presented by chloride bound in concrete", (2002), Cem. & Concr. Comps 24, 1-5.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Chloride induced corrosion of steel in concrete", Prog. Struct. Engg & Mats, 2, (2000), 448-458.
- Glass, G.K., Reddy, B.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "The participation of bound chloride in passive film breakdown on steel in concrete", Corr. Sci. 42, (2000), 2013-2021.
- Glass, G.K., Reddy, B. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Corrosion inhibition in concrete arising from its acid neutralisation capacity", Corr. Sci. 42, (2000), 1587-1598.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "The influence of chloride binding on the chloride-induced corrosion risk in reinforced concrete", Corr. Sci. 42 (2000), 329-344.
- Glass, G.K. and Bu enfeld, N.R., "The presentation of the chloride threshold level for corrosion of steel in concrete", Corr. Sci. 39 (1997), 1001-1013.
Lab test development
- Wong , H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Determining the water-cement ratio, cement content, water content and degree of hydration of hardened cement paste: Method development and validation on paste samples", Cem. & Concr. Res., 39, (2009) 957-965.
- Head, M.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Confocal imaging of porosity in hardened concrete", Cem. and Concr. Res., 36, (2006) 896-911.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Differential acid neutralisation analysis", Cem. & Concr. Res. 29 (1999), 1681-1684.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Theoretical assessment of the steady state diffusion cell test", J. Mat. Sci. 33, (1998), 5111-5118.
- Glass, G.K., Stevenson, G.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Chloride binding isotherms from the diffusion cell test", Cem. & Concr. Res. 28, (1998), 939-945.
- Glass, G.K., Wang, Y. and Buenfeld, N.R., "An investigation of experimental methods used to determine free and total chloride contents", Cem. & Concr. Res. 26, (1996), 1443-1449.
- Zhang, J-Z. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Development of the Accelerated Chloride Ion Diffusion (ACID) test", in "Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete" Swamy, R.N. ed (Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield), 1994, 395-403. (Proc. Int. Conf. on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, 1994).
- El-Belbol, S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Accelerated chloride ion diffusion test", in "Pore structure and permeability of cementitious materials" Roberts, L.R. & Skalny, J.P. eds (Materials Rese arch Socie ty, Pittsburgh), 1989, 203 8 (Proc. Symp. on Pore structure and permeability of cementitious materials, 1988).
- Arya, C., Buenfeld, N.R. and Newman, J.B., "Assessment of simple methods of determining the free chloride ion content of cement paste", Cem. & Concr. Res. 17, (1987), 907 918.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Newman, J.B., "An examination of three methods for studying ion diffusion in cement pastes, mortars and concrete", Mats & Structs 20, (1987), 3-10.
Monitoring method development
- Buenfeld, N.R., Davies, R.D., Karimi, A. and Gilbertson, A.L., "Intelligent Monitoring of Concrete Structures", CIRIA Report C661, CIRIA, London 2008, 150pp.
- Pu, S.H., Cegla, F., Drozdz, M., Lowe, M.J.S., Cawley P. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Monitoring the setting and early hardening of concrete using an ultrasonic waveguide", Insight, British Inst NDT J., 46, (2004), 350-354.
- Hassanein, A.M., Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Comparison of methods for measuring the electrochemical corrosion of steel in concrete", Corrosion Reviews 17, (1999), 423-441.
- Glass, G.K., Hassanein, A.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Obtaining impedance information on the steel-concrete interface", Corrosion 54, (1998), 887-897.
- Hassanein, A.M., Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "The use of small electrochemical perturbations to assess the corrosion of steel in concrete", Non-Destr. Test. & Eval. Int. 31, (1998), 265-272.
- Glass, G.K., Hassanein, A.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Low frequency impedance data by Laplace transformation of coulostatically induced transients", Electrochim. Acta 43, (1998), 1863-1871.
- Glass, G.K., Hassanein, A.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Monitoring the passivation of steel in concrete induced by cathodic protection", Corr. Sci. 39 (1997), 1451-1458.
Electrochemical protection/repair
- Hassanein, A.M., Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Protection current distribution in reinforced concrete cathodic protection systems", (2002), Cem. & Concr. Comps 24, 159-167.
- Glass, G.K., Hassanein, A.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Cathodic protection afforded by an intermittent current applied to reinforced concrete", Corr. Sci., 43, (2001), 1111-1131.
- Glass, G.K., Hassanein, A.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Cathodic protection criteria for reinforced concrete in marine exposure zones", ASCE, J. Mats Civ. Eng. 12, (2000), 164-171.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "The inhibitive effects of electrochemical treatment applied to steel in concrete", Corr. Sci. 42, (2000), 923-927.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Broomfield, J.P., "Influence of electrochemical chloride extraction on the bond between steel and concrete", Mag. Concr. Res. 52, (2000), 79-91.
- Hassanein, A.M., Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Effect of intermittent cathodic protection on chloride and hydroxyl concentration profiles in reinforced concrete", Brit. Corr. J. 34, (1999), 254-261.
- Hassanein, A.M., Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Chloride removal by intermittent cathodic protection applied to reinforced concrete in the tidal zone", Corrosion 55, (1999), 840-850.
- Hassanein, A.M., Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "A mathematical model for the electrochemical removal of chloride from concrete structures", Corrosion, 54, (1998), 323-332.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Theoretical basis for designing reinforced concrete cathodic protection systems", Brit. Corr. J., 32, (1997), 179-184.
- Glass, G.K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "On the current density required to protect steel in atmospherically exposed concrete structures", Corr. Sci. 37, (1995) 1643-1646.
- Glass, G.K., Zhang, J-Z and Buenfeld, N.R., "Chloride ion barrier properties of small electric fields in the protection of steel in concrete", J. Corr. Eng. 51, (1995), 721-726.
Surface treatments
- Syropoulou, S. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Characterisation of surface treatments on concrete by AC impedance spectroscopy", Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions, 88 B1, (2005), 61-66.
- Zhang, J.-Z. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Chloride profiles in surface treated mortar specimens", Constr. & Buildg Mats, 14, (2000), 359-364.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Zhang, J.-Z., "Impedance spectroscopy monitoring of a polyurethane coating on mortar exposed to NaCl solution", J. Mat. Sci, 35, (2000), 1-6.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Zhang, J.-Z., "Ac impedance study of sealer and coating treated mortar specimens", Adv. Cem. Res. 10, (1998), 169-178.
- Zhang, J.-Z., McLoughlin, I.M. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Modelling of chloride diffusion into surface treated concrete", Cem. & Concr. Comps 10, (1998), 253-261.
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Zhang, J.-Z., "Chloride diffusion through surface treated mortar specimens", Cem. & Concr. Res. 28, (1998), 665-674.
- Zhang, J-Z. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Analysing a surface-treated layer of concrete", Patent No. WO9744659, (1997). Also published as GB2313443.
Life prediction
- Karimi, A., Crowder, M.J., Ramachandran, K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Probabilistic analysis of reinforcement corrosion with spatial variability using random field theory and extreme value theory", ICOSSAR05, (2005).
- Buenfeld, N.R., "Advances in predicting the deterioration of reinforced concrete", The Seventh Sir Frederick Lea Memorial Lecture, The Institute of Concrete Technology, (2004).
- Karimi, A., Ramachandran, K. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Reliability of reinforced concrete bridge decks under compressive membrane action", 9th Joint speciality Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, ASCE, July (2004).
- Yokota, H. and Buenfeld, N.R., "Predicting the life of reinforced concrete structures in marine areas", ISOPE 04 International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Toulon, France, May (2004).
- Buenfeld, N.R., "Service life demonstration based on simulated exposure and numerical modelling", in "Durability of Concrete" Malhotra, V.M. ed. (ACI SP-212) 2003, 1-10. (Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Durability of Concrete, 2003).
- Buenfeld, N.R. and Hassanein, N.M., "Life prediction of concrete structures using neural networks", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Struct. & Buildgs 128, (1998), 38-48. WINNER OF INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS TELFORD PREMIUM.
- Buenfeld, N.R., Hassanein, N.M. and Jones, A.J., "An artificial neural network for predicting carbonation depth in concrete structures", Ch. 4 in "Artificial Neural Networks for Civil Engineers: Advanced Features and Applications", Flood, I. and Kartam, N. eds (American Society of Civil Engineers), 1998, 77-117.
- Buenfeld, N.R., "Measuring and modelling transport phenomena in concrete for life prediction of structures", Ch. 5 in "Prediction of Concrete Durability", Glanville, J. & Neville, A.M. eds (E & FN Spon, London) 1997, 77-90.
Contact us
Prof Nick Buenfeld
Tel: +44 (0)20 7594 5955
E-Mail: n.buenfeld@imperial.ac.uk