In this section
@article{ZHOU:2024,
author = {ZHOU, J and Porat, T and Van, Zalk N},
journal = {Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies},
title = {Humans mindlessly treat AI virtual agents as social beings, but this tendency diminishes among the young: evidence from a Cyberball experiment},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/114315},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - The "social being" perspective has largely influenced the design and research of AI virtual agents. Do humans really treat these agents as social beings? To test this, we conducted a 2 between (Cyberball condition: exclusion vs. fair play) ×2 within (co-player type: AGENT vs. HUMAN) online experiment employing the Cyberball paradigm; we investigated how participants (N = 244) responded when they observed an AI virtual agent being ostracised or treated fairly by another human in Cyberball, and we compared our results with those from human-human Cyberball research. We found that participants mindlessly responded to the ostracised agent as they would to other humans by applying the social norm of inclusion during the interaction. This finding suggests that individuals tend to mindlessly treat AI virtual agents as social beings, supporting the media equation theory; however, age (no other user characteristics) influenced this tendency, with younger participants less likely to mindlessly apply the inclusion norm. We also found that participants showed increased sympathy towards the ostracised agent, but they did not devalue the human player for their ostracising behaviour; this indicates that participants did not mindfully perceive AI virtual agents as comparable to humans. Furthermore, we uncovered two other exploratory findings: the association between frequency of agent usage and sympathy, and the carryover effect of positive usage experience. Our study advances the theoretical understanding of the human side of human-agent interaction. Practically, it provides implications for the design of AI virtual agents, including the consideration of social norms, caution in human-like design, and age-specific targeting.
AU - ZHOU,J
AU - Porat,T
AU - Van,Zalk N
PY - 2024///
TI - Humans mindlessly treat AI virtual agents as social beings, but this tendency diminishes among the young: evidence from a Cyberball experiment
T2 - Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/114315
ER -
Dyson School of Design Engineering
Imperial College London
25 Exhibition Road
South Kensington
London
SW7 2DB
design.engineering@imperial.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7594 8888