@article{Stafford:2014:10.1785/0120130145,
author = {Stafford, PJ},
doi = {10.1785/0120130145},
journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
pages = {702--719},
title = {Crossed and nested mixedeffects approaches for enhanced model development and removal of the ergodic assumption in empirical groundmotion models},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130145},
volume = {104},
year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Limitations in the size of strongmotion databases that are used for the development of empirical groundmotion models has necessitated the use of the ergodic assumption. Several recent efforts, using different databases from around the world, have been made to estimate the singlestation standard deviation of spectral accelerations. The computed estimates have been found to be very stable globally, despite the various researchers using quite different approaches. This paper demonstrates that the multistage procedures that have been adopted by previous researchers can be replaced by the use of more elaborate mixedeffects regression analyses. Additionally, the traditional use of additive random effects to capture source, path, and site effects is shown to have conceptual shortcomings that are addressed through the use of a more complex treatment of mixedeffects models. A model for the residual variance (withinevent singlestation variance) is presented using these advanced approaches.
AU  - Stafford,PJ
DO  - 10.1785/0120130145
EP  - 719
PY  - 2014///
SN  - 0037-1106
SP  - 702
TI  - Crossed and nested mixedeffects approaches for enhanced model development and removal of the ergodic assumption in empirical groundmotion models
T2  - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130145
UR  - https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/104/2/702/331749/Crossed-and-Nested-Mixed-Effects-Approaches-for?redirectedFrom=fulltext
VL  - 104
ER  - 

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