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Journal articleDani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, et al., 2014,
Evolution of isoprene emission capacity in plants
, TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 439-446, ISSN: 1360-1385- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 43
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Journal articlePeralta G, Frost CM, Rand TA, et al., 2014,
Complementarity and redundancy of interactions enhance attack rates and spatial stability in host-parasitoid food webs
, ECOLOGY, Vol: 95, Pages: 1888-1896, ISSN: 0012-9658- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 65
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Journal articleHoshino E, Milner-Gulland EJ, Hillary RM, 2014,
Why model assumptions matter for natural resource management: interactions between model structure and life histories in fishery models
, JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 51, Pages: 632-641, ISSN: 0021-8901- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 8
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Journal articleBull JW, Gordon A, Law EA, et al., 2014,
Importance of Baseline Specification in Evaluating Conservation Interventions and Achieving No Net Loss of Biodiversity
, CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 28, Pages: 799-809, ISSN: 0888-8892- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 99
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Journal articleFrost GS, Walton GE, Swann JR, et al., 2014,
Impacts of Plant-Based Foods in Ancestral Hominin Diets on the Metabolism and Function of Gut Microbiota In Vitro
, mBio, Vol: 5, ISSN: 2161-2129 -
Journal articleGarcia RA, Cabeza M, Rahbek C, et al., 2014,
Multiple Dimensions of Climate Change and Their Implications for Biodiversity
, SCIENCE, Vol: 344, Pages: 486-+, ISSN: 0036-8075- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 442
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Journal articlePfeifer M, Lefebvre V, Gardner TA, et al., 2014,
BIOFRAG - a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation
, Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 4, Pages: 1524-1537, ISSN: 2045-7758 -
Journal articleRapacciuolo G, Roy DB, Gillings S, et al., 2014,
Temporal validation plots: quantifying how well correlative species distribution models predict species' range changes over time
, METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 5, Pages: 407-420, ISSN: 2041-210X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 12
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Journal articleZaehle S, Medlyn BE, De Kauwe MG, et al., 2014,
Evaluation of 11 terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two temperate Free-Air CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment studies
, NEW PHYTOLOGIST, Vol: 202, Pages: 803-822, ISSN: 0028-646X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 290
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Journal articleTylianakis JM, Coux C, 2014,
Tipping points in ecological networks
, TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE, Vol: 19, Pages: 281-283, ISSN: 1360-1385- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 20
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Journal articleGoldson SL, Wratten SD, Ferguson CM, et al., 2014,
If and when successful classical biological control fails
, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, Vol: 72, Pages: 76-79, ISSN: 1049-9644- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 38
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Journal articleGarcia RA, Araujo MB, Burgess ND, et al., 2014,
Matching species traits to projected threats and opportunities from climate change
, JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Vol: 41, Pages: 724-735, ISSN: 0305-0270- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 62
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Journal articleO'Loughlin SM, Magesa S, Mbogo C, et al., 2014,
Genomic Analyses of Three Malaria Vectors Reveals Extensive Shared Polymorphism but Contrasting Population Histories
, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 31, Pages: 889-902, ISSN: 0737-4038- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 31
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Journal articleGraham SL, Hunt JE, Millard P, et al., 2014,
Effects of Soil Warming and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration in a New Zealand Tussock Grassland
, PLOS ONE, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1932-6203- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 46
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Journal articleRosa IMD, Ahmed SE, Ewers RM, 2014,
The transparency, reliability and utility of tropical rainforest land-use and land-cover change models
, Glob Change Biol, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 1365-2486 -
Journal articleDavies TK, Mees CC, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
The past, present and future use of drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Indian Ocean
, MARINE POLICY, Vol: 45, Pages: 163-170, ISSN: 0308-597X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 63
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Journal articleKnott EJ, Bunnefeld N, Huber D, et al., 2014,
The potential impacts of changes in bear hunting policy for hunting organisations in Croatia
, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH, Vol: 60, Pages: 85-97, ISSN: 1612-4642- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 19
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Journal articleEdwards CTT, Bunnefeld N, Balme GA, et al., 2014,
Data-poor management of African lion hunting using a relative index of abundance
, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 111, Pages: 539-543, ISSN: 0027-8424- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 12
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Journal articlePowney GD, Rapacciuolo G, Preston CD, et al., 2014,
A phylogenetically-informed trait-based analysis of range change in the vascular plant flora of Britain
, BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION, Vol: 23, Pages: 171-185, ISSN: 0960-3115 -
Journal articleJones IL, Bull JW, Milner-Gulland EJ, et al., 2014,
Quantifying habitat impacts of natural gas infrastructure to facilitate biodiversity offsetting
, ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, Vol: 4, Pages: 79-90, ISSN: 2045-7758- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 26
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Journal articleWoodhouse E, McGowan P, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
Fungal gold and firewood on the Tibetan plateau: examining access to diverse ecosystem provisioning services within a rural community
, ORYX, Vol: 48, Pages: 30-38, ISSN: 0030-6053- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 20
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Journal articleBanks-Leite C, Pardini R, Tambosi LR, et al., 2014,
Conserving Brazil’s Atlantic forests–response.
, Science (New York, NY), Vol: 346, Pages: 1193-1193 -
Journal articleNuno A, Bunnefeld N, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
Managing social-ecological systems under uncertainty: implementation in the real world
, ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY, Vol: 19, ISSN: 1708-3087- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 27
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Journal articleBistinas I, Oom D, Sa ACL, et al., 2013,
Relationships between Human Population Density and Burned Area at Continental and Global Scales
, PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203We explore the large spatial variation in the relationship between population density and burned area, usingcontinental-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) based on 13 years of satellite-derived burned areamaps from the global fire emissions database (GFED) and the human population density from the gridded populationof the world (GPW 2005). Significant relationships are observed over 51.5% of the global land area, and the areaaffected varies from continent to continent: population density has a significant impact on fire over most of Asia andAfrica but is important in explaining fire over < 22% of Europe and Australia. Increasing population density isassociated with both increased and decreased in fire. The nature of the relationship depends on land-use: increasingpopulation density is associated with increased burned are in rangelands but with decreased burned area incroplands. Overall, the relationship between population density and burned area is non-monotonic: burned areainitially increases with population density and then decreases when population density exceeds a threshold. Thesethresholds vary regionally. Our study contributes to improved understanding of how human activities relate to burnedarea, and should contribute to a better estimate of atmospheric emissions from biomass burning.
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Journal articlePrentice IC, Dong N, Gleason SM, et al., 2013,
Balancing the costs of carbon gain and water transport: testing a new theoretical framework for plant functional ecology
, Ecology Letters, Vol: 17, Pages: 82-91, ISSN: 1461-023XA novel framework is presented for the analysis of ecophysiological field measurements and modelling. The hypothesis ‘leaves minimise the summed unit costs of transpiration and carboxylation’ predicts leaf‐internal/ambient CO2 ratios (ci/ca) and slopes of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) or leaf nitrogen (Narea) vs. stomatal conductance. Analysis of data on woody species from contrasting climates (cold‐hot, dry‐wet) yielded steeper slopes and lower mean ci/ca ratios at the dry or cold sites than at the wet or hot sites. High atmospheric vapour pressure deficit implies low ci/ca in dry climates. High water viscosity (more costly transport) and low photorespiration (less costly photosynthesis) imply low ci/ca in cold climates. Observed site‐mean ci/ca shifts are predicted quantitatively for temperature contrasts (by photorespiration plus viscosity effects) and approximately for aridity contrasts. The theory explains the dependency of ci/ca ratios on temperature and vapour pressure deficit, and observed relationships of leaf δ13C and Narea to aridity.
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Journal articleMedlyn BE, Duursma RA, De Kauwe MG, et al., 2013,
The optimal stomatal response to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration: Alternative solutions, alternative interpretations
, AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 200-203, ISSN: 0168-1923- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 35
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Journal articleZhou S, Duursma RA, Medlyn BE, et al., 2013,
How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress
, AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 204-214, ISSN: 0168-1923- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 202
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Journal articlePooley SP, Mendelsohn JA, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,
Hunting Down the Chimera of Multiple Disciplinarity in Conservation Science
, Conservation BiologyThe consensus is that both ecological and social factors are essential dimensions of conservation research and practice. However, much of the literature on multiple disciplinary collaboration focuses on the difficulties of undertaking it. This review of the challenges of conducting multiple disciplinary collaboration offers a framework for thinking about the diversity and complexity of this endeavor. We focused on conceptual challenges, of which 5 main categories emerged: methodological challenges, value judgments, theories of knowledge, disciplinary prejudices, and interdisciplinary communication. The major problems identified in these areas have proved remarkably persistent in the literature surveyed (c.1960–2012). Reasons for these failures to learn from past experience include the pressure to produce positive outcomes and gloss over disagreements, the ephemeral nature of many such projects and resulting lack of institutional memory, and the apparent complexity and incoherence of the endeavor. We suggest that multiple disciplinary collaboration requires conceptual integration among carefully selected multiple disciplinary team members united in investigating a shared problem or question. We outline a 9-point sequence of steps for setting up a successful multiple disciplinary project. This encompasses points on recruitment, involving stakeholders, developing research questions, negotiating power dynamics and hidden values and conceptual differences, explaining and choosing appropriate methods, developing a shared language, facilitating on-going communications, and discussing data integration and project outcomes. Although numerous solutions to the challenges of multiple disciplinary research have been proposed, lessons learned are often lost when projects end or experienced individuals move on. We urge multiple disciplinary teams to capture the challenges recognized, and solutions proposed, by their researchers while projects are in process. A database of we
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Journal articleBunnefeld N, Edwards CTT, Atickem A, et al., 2013,
Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting
, Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1344-1354, ISSN: 1523-1739Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on theimplications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has beensuggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show thatoverharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophyhunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertaintiesgenerated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: thesafari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompassesthe population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. Weinvestigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies.Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, butpoaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interestsof companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging communitymembers as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond whichthe year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a rolefor government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this levelis not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholderswhen designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address theparticular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily.
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Journal articleNuno A, Bunnefeld N, Naiman LC, et al., 2013,
A novel approach to assessing the prevalence and drivers of illegal bushmeat hunting in the serengeti
, Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1355-1365, ISSN: 1523-1739Assessing anthropogenic effects on biological diversity, identifying drivers of human behavior, and motivating behavioral change are at the core of effective conservation. Yet knowledge of people's behaviors is often limited because the true extent of natural resource exploitation is difficult to ascertain, particularly if it is illegal. To obtain estimates of rule-breaking behavior, a technique has been developed with which to ask sensitive questions. We used this technique, unmatched-count technique (UCT), to provide estimates of bushmeat poaching, to determine motivation and seasonal and spatial distribution of poaching, and to characterize poaching households in the Serengeti. We also assessed the potential for survey biases on the basis of respondent perceptions of understanding, anonymity, and discomfort. Eighteen percent of households admitted to being involved in hunting. Illegal bushmeat hunting was more likely in households with seasonal or full-time employment, lower household size, and longer household residence in the village. The majority of respondents found the UCT questions easy to understand and were comfortable answering them. Our results suggest poaching remains widespread in the Serengeti and current alternative sources of income may not be sufficiently attractive to compete with the opportunities provided by hunting. We demonstrate that the UCT is well suited to investigating noncompliance in conservation because it reduces evasive responses, resulting in more accurate estimates, and is technically simple to apply. We suggest that the UCT could be more widely used, with the trade-off being the increased complexity of data analyses and requirement for large sample sizes.
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