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  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Gray C, Baird DJ, 2013,

    Biomonitoring for the 21st Century: new perspectives in an age of globalisation and emerging environmental threats

    , LIMNETICA, Vol: 32, Pages: 159-173, ISSN: 0213-8409
  • Journal article
    Bryden J, Gill RJ, Mitton RAA, Raine NE, Jansen VAAet al., 2013,

    Chronic sublethal stress causes bee colony failure

    , ECOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 16, Pages: 1463-1469, ISSN: 1461-023X
  • Journal article
    Adams GL, Pichler DE, Cox EJ, O'Gorman EJ, Seeney A, Woodward G, Reuman DCet al., 2013,

    Diatoms can be an important exception to temperature-size rules at species and community levels of organization

    , Global Change Biology, Vol: 19, Pages: 3540-3552, ISSN: 1354-1013
  • Journal article
    Papworth S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Slocombe K, 2013,

    The Natural Place to Begin: The Ethnoprimatology of the Waorani

    , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Vol: 75, Pages: 1117-1128, ISSN: 0275-2565
  • Journal article
    Ahmed SE, Souza CM, Riberio J, Ewers RMet al., 2013,

    Temporal patterns of road network development in the Brazilian Amazon

    , REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, Vol: 13, Pages: 927-937, ISSN: 1436-3798
  • Journal article
    Robert M Ewers DCR, 2013,

    Using landscape history to predict biodiversity patterns in fragmented landscapes

    , Ecology Letters, Vol: 16, Pages: 1221-1233, ISSN: 1461-023X

    Landscape ecology plays a vital role in understanding the impacts of land-use change on biodiversity, but it is not a predictive discipline, lacking theoretical models that quantitatively predict biodiversity patterns from first principles. Here, we draw heavily on ideas from phylogenetics to fill this gap, basing our approach on the insight that habitat fragments have a shared history. We develop a landscape ‘terrageny’, which represents the historical spatial separation of habitat fragments in the same way that a phylogeny represents evolutionary divergence among species. Combining a random sampling model with a terrageny generates numerical predictions about the expected proportion of species shared between any two fragments, the locations of locally endemic species, and the number of species that have been driven locally extinct. The model predicts that community similarity declines with terragenetic distance, and that local endemics are more likely to be found in terragenetically distinctive fragments than in large fragments. We derive equations to quantify the variance around predictions, and show that ignoring the spatial structure of fragmented landscapes leads to over-estimates of local extinction rates at the landscape scale. We argue that ignoring the shared history of habitat fragments limits our ability to understand biodiversity changes in human-modified landscapes.
  • Journal article
    Morfopoulos C, Prentice IC, Keenan TF, Friedlingstein P, Medlyn BE, Penuelas J, Possell Met al., 2013,

    A unifying conceptual model for the environmental responses of isoprene emissions from plants

    , ANNALS OF BOTANY, Vol: 112, Pages: 1223-1238, ISSN: 0305-7364

    Background and AimsIsoprene is the most important volatile organic compound emitted by land plants in terms ofabundance and environmental effects. Controls on isoprene emission rates include light, temperature, water supplyand CO2concentration. A need to quantify these controls has long been recognized. There are already models thatgive realistic results, but they are complex, highly empirical and require separate responses to different drivers.This study sets out to find a simpler, unifying principle.†MethodsA simple model is presented based on the idea of balancing demands for reducing power (derived fromphotosynthetic electron transport) in primary metabolism versus the secondary pathway that leads to the synthesisof isoprene. This model’s ability to account for key features in a variety of experimental data sets is assessed.†Key resultsThe model simultaneously predicts the fundamental responses observed in short-term experiments,namely: (1) the decoupling between carbon assimilation and isoprene emission; (2) a continued increase in isopreneemission with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at high PAR, after carbon assimilation has saturated; (3) amaximum of isoprene emission at low internal CO2concentration (ci) and an asymptotic decline thereafter with in-creasingci; (4) maintenance of high isoprene emissions when carbon assimilation is restricted by drought; and (5) atemperature optimum higher than that of photosynthesis, but lower than that of isoprene synthase activity.†ConclusionsA simple model was used to test the hypothesisthat reducing poweravailable to the synthesis pathwayfor isoprene varies according to the extent to which the needs of carbon assimilation are satisfied. Despite its simpli-city the model explains much in terms of the observed response of isoprene to external drivers as well asthe observeddecoupling between carbon assimilation and isoprene emission. The concept has the potential to improve global-scale
  • Journal article
    Díaz S, Purvis A, Cornelissen JHC, Mace GM, Donoghue MJ, Ewers RM, Jordano P, Pearse WDet al., 2013,

    Functional traits, the phylogeny of function, and ecosystem service vulnerability

    , Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 3, Pages: 2958-2975, ISSN: 2045-7758

    People depend on benefits provided by ecological systems. Understanding how these ecosystem services – and the ecosystem properties underpinning them – respond to drivers of change is therefore an urgent priority. We address this challenge through developing a novel risk-assessment framework that integrates ecological and evolutionary perspectives on functional traits to determine species’ effects on ecosystems and their tolerance of environmental changes. We define Specific Effect Function (SEF) as the per-gram or per capita capacity of a species to affect an ecosystem property, and Specific Response Function (SRF) as the ability of a species to maintain or enhance its population as the environment changes. Our risk assessment is based on the idea that the security of ecosystem services depends on how effects (SEFs) and tolerances (SRFs) of organisms – which both depend on combinations of functional traits – correlate across species and how they are arranged on the species’ phylogeny. Four extreme situations are theoretically possible, from minimum concern when SEF and SRF are neither correlated nor show a phylogenetic signal, to maximum concern when they are negatively correlated (i.e., the most important species are the least tolerant) and phylogenetically patterned (lacking independent backup). We illustrate the assessment with five case studies, involving both plant and animal examples. However, the extent to which the frequency of the four plausible outcomes, or their intermediates, apply more widely in real-world ecological systems is an open question that needs empirical evidence, and suggests a research agenda at the interface of evolutionary biology and ecosystem ecology.
  • Journal article
    Ewers RM, Bartlam S, Didham RK, 2013,

    Altered species interactions at forest edges: contrasting edge effects on bumble bees and their phoretic mite loads in temperate forest remnants

    , INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY, Vol: 6, Pages: 598-606, ISSN: 1752-458X
  • Journal article
    Mackey B, Prentice IC, Steffen W, House JI, Keith DLH, Berry Set al., 2013,

    Untangling the confusion around land carbon science and climate change mitigation policy (vol 3, pg 552, 2013)

    , NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, Vol: 3, Pages: 847-847, ISSN: 1758-678X
  • Journal article
    Fujisawa T, Barraclough TG, 2013,

    Delimiting Species Using Single-Locus Data and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent Approach: A Revised Method and Evaluation on Simulated Data Sets

    , SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY, Vol: 62, Pages: 707-724, ISSN: 1063-5157
  • Journal article
    Li G, Harrison SP, Bartlein PJ, Izumi K, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    Precipitation scaling with temperature in warm and cold climates: An analysis of CMIP5 simulations

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 40, Pages: 4018-4024, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Waylen KA, Fischer A, McGowan PJK, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Deconstructing Community for Conservation: Why Simple Assumptions are Not Sufficient

    , HUMAN ECOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 575-585, ISSN: 0300-7839
  • Journal article
    Bull JW, Suttle KB, Gordon A, Singh NJ, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice

    , ORYX, Vol: 47, Pages: 369-380, ISSN: 0030-6053
  • Journal article
    Gornish ES, Tylianakis JM, 2013,

    COMMUNITY SHIFTS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: MECHANISMS AT MULTIPLE SCALES

    , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, Vol: 100, Pages: 1422-1434, ISSN: 0002-9122
  • Journal article
    Stocker BD, Roth R, Joos F, Spahni R, Steinacher M, Zaehle S, Bouwman L, Xu-Ri, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    Multiple greenhouse-gas feedbacks from the land biosphere under future climate change scenarios

    , NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, Vol: 3, Pages: 666-672, ISSN: 1758-678X
  • Journal article
    Rosindell J, Cornell SJ, 2013,

    Universal scaling of species-abundance distributions across multiple scales

    , OIKOS, Vol: 122, Pages: 1101-1111, ISSN: 0030-1299
  • Journal article
    Mackey B, Prentice IC, Steffen W, House JI, Lindenmayer D, Keith H, Berry Set al., 2013,

    Untangling the confusion around land carbon science and climate change mitigation policy

    , NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, Vol: 3, Pages: 552-557, ISSN: 1758-678X
  • Journal article
    Rosindell J, Harmon LJ, 2013,

    A unified model of species immigration, extinction and abundance on islands

    , JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Vol: 40, Pages: 1107-1118, ISSN: 0305-0270
  • Journal article
    Dickie IA, Martinez-Garcia LB, Koele N, Grelet G-A, Tylianakis JM, Peltzer DA, Richardson SJet al., 2013,

    Mycorrhizas and mycorrhizal fungal communities throughout ecosystem development

    , PLANT AND SOIL, Vol: 367, Pages: 11-39, ISSN: 0032-079X
  • Journal article
    De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Zaehle S, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Hickler T, Jain AK, Luo Y, Parton WJ, Prentice IC, Smith B, Thornton PE, Wang S, Wang Y-P, Warlind D, Weng E, Crous KY, Ellsworth DS, Hanson PJ, Seok Kim H, Warren JM, Oren R, Norby RJet al., 2013,

    Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO2: a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites

    , GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Vol: 19, Pages: 1759-1779, ISSN: 1354-1013
    • Cite
    • Citations: 267
  • Journal article
    McInnes L, Jones FA, Orme CDL, Sobkowiak B, Barraclough TG, Chase MW, Govaerts R, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Savolainen Vet al., 2013,

    Do Global Diversity Patterns of Vertebrates Reflect Those of Monocots?

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Dell AI, Pawar S, Savage VM, 2013,

    Temperature dependence of trophic interactions are driven by asymmetry of species responses and foraging strategy

    , Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol: 82, ISSN: 1365-2656

    Environmental temperature has systematic effects on rates of species interactions, primarily through its influence on organismal physiology. We present a mechanistic model for the thermal response of consumer-resource interactions. We focus on how temperature affects species interactions via key traits - body velocity, detection distance, search rate and handling time - that underlie per capita consumption rate. The model is general because it applies to all foraging strategies: active-capture (both consumer and resource body velocity are important), sit-and-wait (resource velocity dominates) and grazing (consumer velocity dominates). The model predicts that temperature influences consumer-resource interactions primarily through its effects on body velocity (either of the consumer, resource or both), which determines how often consumers and resources encounter each other, and that asymmetries in the thermal responses of interacting species can introduce qualitative, not just quantitative, changes in consumer-resource dynamics. We illustrate this by showing how asymmetries in thermal responses determine equilibrium population densities in interacting consumer-resource pairs. We test for the existence of asymmetries in consumer-resource thermal responses by analysing an extensive database on thermal response curves of ecological traits for 309 species spanning 15 orders of magnitude in body size from terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats. We find that asymmetries in consumer-resource thermal responses are likely to be a common occurrence. Overall, our study reveals the importance of asymmetric thermal responses in consumer-resource dynamics. In particular, we identify three general types of asymmetries: (i) different levels of performance of the response, (ii) different rates of response (e.g. activation energies) and (iii) different peak or optimal temperatures. Such asymmetries should occur more frequently as the climate changes and species’ geographical
  • Journal article
    Bull JW, Suttle KB, Singh NJ, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Conservation when nothing stands still: moving targets and biodiversity offsets

    , FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 11, Pages: 203-210, ISSN: 1540-9295
  • Journal article
    Eklof A, Jacob U, Kopp J, Bosch J, Castro-Urgal R, Chacoff NP, Dalsgaard B, de Sassi C, Galetti M, Guimaraes PR, Beatriz Lomascolo S, Gonzalez AMM, Pizo MA, Rader R, Rodrigo A, Tylianakis JM, Vazquez DP, Allesina Set al., 2013,

    The dimensionality of ecological networks

    , ECOLOGY LETTERS, Vol: 16, Pages: 577-583, ISSN: 1461-023X
  • Journal article
    Papworth S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Slocombe K, 2013,

    Hunted Woolly Monkeys (<i>Lagothrix poeppigii</i>) Show Threat-Sensitive Responses to Human Presence

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Jenkins GB, Woodward G, Hildrew AG, 2013,

    Long-term amelioration of acidity accelerates decomposition in headwater streams.

    , Glob Chang Biol, Vol: 19, Pages: 1100-1106, ISSN: 1354-1013

    The secondary production of culturally acidified streams is low, with a few species of generalist detritivores dominating invertebrate assemblages, while decomposition processes are impaired. In a series of lowland headwater streams in southern England, we measured the rate of cellulolytic decomposition and compared it with values measured three decades ago, when anthropogenic acidification was at its peak. We hypothesized that, if acidity has indeed ameliorated, the rate of decomposition will have accelerated, thus potentially supporting greater secondary production and the longer food chains that have been observed in some well-studied recovering freshwater systems. We used cellulose Shirley test cloth as a standardized bioassay to measure the rate of cellulolytic decomposition, via loss in tensile strength, for 31 streams in the Ashdown Forest over 7 days in summer 2011 and 49 days in winter 2012. We compared this with data from an otherwise identical study conducted in 1978 and 1979. In a secondary study, we determined whether decomposition followed a linear or logarithmic decay and, as Shirley cloth is no longer available, we tested an alternative in the form of readily available calico. Overall mean pH had increased markedly over the 32 years between the studies (from 6.0 to 6.7). In both the previous and contemporary studies, the relationship between decomposition and pH was strongest in winter, when pH reaches a seasonal minimum. As in the late 1970s, there was no relationship in 2011/2012 between pH and decay rate in summer. As postulated, decomposition in winter was significantly faster in 2011/2012 than in 1978/1979, with an average increase in decay rate of 18.1%. Recovery from acidification, due to decreased acidifying emissions and deposition, has led to an increase in the rate of cellulolytic decomposition. This response in a critical ecosystem process offers a potential explanation of one aspect of the limited biological recovery that has been observ
  • Journal article
    Coad L, Schleicher J, Milner-Gulland EJ, Marthews TR, Starkey M, Manica A, Balmford A, Mbombe W, Bineni TRD, Abernethy KAet al., 2013,

    Social and Ecological Change over a Decade in a Village Hunting System, Central Gabon

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 27, Pages: 270-280, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Nuno A, Bunnefeld N, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,

    Matching observations and reality: using simulation models to improve monitoring under uncertainty in the Serengeti

    , JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 50, Pages: 488-498, ISSN: 0021-8901
  • Journal article
    Tylianakis JM, 2013,

    The Global Plight of Pollinators

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 339, Pages: 1532-1533, ISSN: 0036-8075

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Professor Vincent Savolainen
Professor of Organismic Biology

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Professor Matthew Fisher
Professor of Fungal Disease Epidemiology
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