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  • Journal article
    Rose KC, Ross N, Jordan TA, Bingham RG, Corr HFJ, Ferraccioli F, Le Brocq AM, Rippin DM, Siegert MJet al., 2015,

    Ancient pre-glacial erosion surfaces preserved beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

    , EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS, Vol: 3, Pages: 139-152, ISSN: 2196-6311
  • Journal article
    Heinis T, Ham DA, 2015,

    On-the-Fly Data Synopses: Efficient Data Exploration in the Simulation Sciences

    , SIGMOD Record, Vol: 44, Pages: 23-28
  • Journal article
    Manke F, Frost JM, Vaissier V, Nelson J, Barnes PRFet al., 2015,

    Influence of a nearby substrate on the reorganization energy of hole exchange between dye molecules

    , PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 17, Pages: 7345-7354, ISSN: 1463-9076
  • Journal article
    Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Gruber N, Jones SD, Murray-Tortarolo G, Ahlstrom A, Doney SC, Graven H, Heinze C, Huntingford C, Levis S, Levy PE, Lomas M, Poulter B, Viovy N, Zaehle S, Zeng N, Arneth A, Bonan G, Bopp L, Canadell JG, Chevallier F, Ciais P, Ellis R, Gloor M, Peylin P, Piao SL, Le Quere C, Smith B, Zhu Z, Myneni Ret al., 2015,

    Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide

    , BIOGEOSCIENCES, Vol: 12, Pages: 653-679, ISSN: 1726-4170
  • Journal article
    Dani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, Atwell BJet al., 2015,

    Species-specific photorespiratory rate, drought tolerance and isoprene emission rate in plants

    , PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1559-2316
  • Journal article
    Jacobs CT, Piggott MD, 2015,

    Firedrake-Fluids v0.1: numerical modelling of shallow water flows using an automated solution framework

    , GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT, Vol: 8, Pages: 533-547, ISSN: 1991-959X
  • Journal article
    Yu W, Campos L, Shi T, Li G, Graham Net al., 2015,

    Enhanced removal of manganese in organic-rich surface water by combined sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate during drinking water treatment

    , RSC ADVANCES, Vol: 5, Pages: 27970-27977
  • Journal article
    Hermerschmidt F, Kalogirou AS, Min J, Zissimou GA, Tuladhar SM, Ameri T, Faber H, Itskos G, Choulis SA, Anthopoulos TD, Bradley DDC, Nelson J, Brabec CJ, Koutentis PAet al., 2015,

    4<i>H</i>-1,2,6-Thiadiazin-4-one-containing small molecule donors and additive effects on their performance in solution-processed organic solar cells

    , JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C, Vol: 3, Pages: 2358-2365, ISSN: 2050-7526
  • Journal article
    Bastow ID, Eaton DW, Kendall J-M, Helffrich G, Snyder D, Thompson D, Wookey J, Darbyshire FA, Pawlak AEet al., 2015,

    The Hudson Bay Lithospheric Experiment (HuBLE): Insights into Pre-cambrian Plate Tectonics and the Development of Mantle Keels

    , Special Publication - Geological Society of London, Vol: 389, Pages: 41-67
  • Journal article
    Winkler M, Romain C, Meier MAR, Williams CKet al., 2015,

    Renewable polycarbonates and polyesters from 1,4-cyclohexadiene

    , GREEN CHEMISTRY, Vol: 17, Pages: 300-306, ISSN: 1463-9262
  • Journal article
    Offer GJ, 2015,

    Automated vehicles and electrification of transport

    , ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, Vol: 8, Pages: 26-30, ISSN: 1754-5692
  • Journal article
    Liu W, Ismail M, Dunstan MT, Hu W, Zhang Z, Fennell PS, Scott SA, Dennis JSet al., 2015,

    Inhibiting the interaction between FeO and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> during chemical looping production of hydrogen

    , RSC ADVANCES, Vol: 5, Pages: 1759-1771, ISSN: 2046-2069
  • Conference paper
    Farhidi F, Madani K, 2015,

    A Game Theoretic Analysis of the Conflict over Iran's Nuclear Program

    , IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Publisher: IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Pages: 617-622, ISSN: 1062-922X
  • Journal article
    Brennan A, Woodward G, Seehausen O, Munoz-Fuentes V, Moritz C, Guelmami A, Abbott RJ, Edelaar Pet al., 2014,

    Hybridization due to changing species distributions: adding problems or solutions to conservation of biodiversity during global change?

    , Evolutionary Ecology Research, Vol: 16, Pages: 475-491, ISSN: 1937-3791

    Background: Due to increasing global change, the rate of hybridization seemsto be increasing.Question: Is hybridization adding problems or solutions to the effects of globalchange on biodiversity?Methods: We divided ourselves into two independent groups. Each group listedtopics it thought appropriate. We then compared and combined the lists, extracting anatural structure of the topics. We next divided ourselves into three specializedsubgroups and discussed the topics in more depth. In a final plenary meeting, webrought ideas together, discussed open topics, identified consensus or differences ofopinion, and prepared a preliminary report.Results: Our lists of topics were highly similar, suggesting that we missed only afew topics. We agreed that it is important to consider hybridization in both its geneticand ecological contexts and with explicit attention paid to phylogenetic andbiogeographic history. It is also necessary to distinguish between underlyingprocesses and resulting consequences. Knowledge of the consequences ofhybridization is more developed in genetics than in ecology. We suggest thathybridization adds problems (loss of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation) as well assolutions (new adaptive variation, ecosystem robustness) to global change challenges.Which of these applies in a given case depends on its evolutionary and environmentalcontext, and on the objectives of conservation management. We provide five groupsof questions to stimulate further research.
  • Journal article
    Banks JR, Brindley HE, Hobby M, Marsham JHet al., 2014,

    The daytime cycle in dust aerosol direct radiative effects observed in the central Sahara during the Fennec campaign in June 2011

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, Vol: 119, Pages: 13861-13876, ISSN: 2169-897X
  • Journal article
    Wade J, Steiner F, Niedzialek D, James DT, Jung Y, Yun D-J, Bradley DDC, Nelson J, Kim J-Set al., 2014,

    Charge mobility anisotropy of functionalized pentacenes in organic field effect transistors fabricated by solution processing

    , JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C, Vol: 2, Pages: 10110-10115, ISSN: 2050-7526
  • Journal article
    Shirshova N, Qian H, Houlle M, Steinke JHG, Kucernak ARJ, Fontana QPV, Greenhalgh ES, Bismarck A, Shaffer MSPet al., 2014,

    Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

    , Faraday Discussions, Vol: 172, Pages: 81-103, ISSN: 1359-6640

    This paper addresses the challenge of producing multifunctional composites that can simultaneously carry mechanical loads whilst storing (and delivering) electrical energy. The embodiment is a structural supercapacitor built around laminated structural carbon fibre (CF) fabrics. Each cell consists of two modified structural CF fabric electrodes, separated by a structural glass fibre fabric or polymer membrane, infused with a multifunctional polymeric electrolyte. Rather than using conventional activated carbon fibres, structural carbon fibres were treated to produce a mechanically robust, high surface area material, using a variety of methods, including direct etching, carbon nanotube sizing, and carbon nanotube in situ growth. One of the most promising approaches is to integrate a porous bicontinuous monolithic carbon aerogel (CAG) throughout the matrix. This nanostructured matrix both provides a dramatic increase in active surface area of the electrodes, and has the potential to address mechanical issues associated with matrix-dominated failures. The effect of the initial reaction mixture composition is assessed for both the CAG modified carbon fibre electrodes and resulting devices. A low temperature CAG modification of carbon fibres was evaluated using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to enhance the electrochemical performance. For the multifunctional structural electrolyte, simple crosslinked gels have been replaced with bicontinuous structural epoxy–ionic liquid hybrids that offer a much better balance between the conflicting demands of rigidity and molecular motion. The formation of both aerogel precursors and the multifunctional electrolyte are described, including the influence of key components, and the defining characteristics of the products. Working structural supercapacitor composite prototypes have been produced and characterised electrochemically. The effect of introducing the necessary multifunctional resin on the mechanical properties
  • Conference paper
    Wilson DJ, van de Flierdt T, Bridgestock LJ, Paul M, Rehkamper M, Robinson LF, Adkins JFet al., 2014,

    Radiogenic isotopes as paleoceanographic tracers in deep-sea corals: advances in TIMS measurements of Pb isotopes and application to Southern Ocean corals

    , American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2014
  • Journal article
    Ritson JP, Bell M, Graham NJD, Templeton MR, Brazier RE, Verhoef A, Freeman C, Clark JMet al., 2014,

    Simulated climate change impact on summer dissolved organic carbon release from peat and surface vegetation: implications for drinking water treatment

    , Water Research, Vol: 67, Pages: 66-76, ISSN: 0043-1354

    Uncertainty regarding changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quantity and quality has created interest in managing peatlands for their ecosystem services such as drinking water provision. The evidence base for such interventions is, however, sometimes contradictory. We performed a laboratory climate manipulation using a factorial design on two dominant peatland vegetation types (Calluna vulgaris and Sphagnum Spp.) and a peat soil collected from a drinking water catchment in Exmoor National Park, UK. Temperature and rainfall were set to represent baseline and future conditions under the UKCP09 2080s high emissions scenario for July and August. DOC leachate then underwent standard water treatment of coagulation/flocculation before chlorination. C. vulgaris leached more DOC than Sphagnum Spp. (7.17 versus 3.00 mg g−1) with higher specific ultraviolet (SUVA) values and a greater sensitivity to climate, leaching more DOC under simulated future conditions. The peat soil leached less DOC (0.37 mg g−1) than the vegetation and was less sensitive to climate. Differences in coagulation removal efficiency between the DOC sources appears to be driven by relative solubilisation of protein-like DOC, observed through the fluorescence peak C/T. Post-coagulation only differences between vegetation types were detected for the regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs), suggesting climate change influence at this scale can be removed via coagulation. Our results suggest current biodiversity restoration programmes to encourage Sphagnum Spp. will result in lower DOC concentrations and SUVA values, particularly with warmer and drier summers.
  • Journal article
    Ho CP, Parpas P, 2014,

    Singularly perturbed markov decision processes: a multiresolution algorithm

    , SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, Vol: 52, Pages: 3854-3886, ISSN: 0363-0129

    Singular perturbation techniques allow the derivation of an aggregate model whose solution is asymptotically optimal for Markov decision processes with strong and weak interactions. We develop an algorithm that takes advantage of the asymptotic optimality of the aggregate model in order to compute the solution of the original model. We derive conditions for which the proposed algorithm has better worst case complexity than conventional contraction algorithms. Based on our complexity analysis, we show that the major benefit of aggregation is that the reduced order model is no longer ill conditioned. The reduction in the number of states (due to aggregation) is a secondary benefit. This is a surprising result since intuition would suggest that the reduced order model can be solved more efficiently because it has fewer states. However, we show that this is not necessarily the case. Our theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can compute the optimal solution with a reduction in computational complexity and without any penalty in accuracy.
  • Journal article
    Stephenson SN, Roberts GG, Hoggard MJ, Whittaker ACet al., 2014,

    A Cenozoic Uplift History of Mexico and its Surroundings From Longitudinal River Profiles

    , Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol: 15, Pages: 4734-4758, ISSN: 1525-2027

    Geodynamic models of mantle convection predict that Mexico and western North America share a history of dynamic support. We calculate admittance between gravity and topography, which indicates that the elastic thickness of the plate in Mexico is 11 km and in western North America it is 12 km. Admittance at wavelengths > 500 km in these regions suggests that topography is partly supported by subcrustal processes. These results corroborate estimates of residual topography from isostatic calculations and suggest that the amount of North American topography supported by the mantle may exceed 1 km. The Cenozoic history of magmatism, sedimentary flux, thermochronometric denudation estimates, and uplifted marine terraces imply that North American lithosphere was uplifted and eroded during the last 30 Ma. We jointly invert 533 Mexican and North American longitudinal river profiles to reconstruct a continent-scale rock uplift rate history. Uplift rate is permitted to vary in space and time. Erosional parameters are calibrated using incision rate data in southwest Mexico and the Colorado Plateau. Calculated rock uplift rates were 0.15–0.2 mm/yr between 25 and10 Ma. Central Mexico experienced the highest uplift rates. Central and southern Mexico continued to uplift at 0.1 mm/yr until recent times. This uplift history is corroborated by independent constraints. We predict clastic flux to the Gulf of Mexico and compare it to independent estimates. We tentatively suggest that the loop between uplift, erosion, and deposition can be closed here. Mexico's staged uplift history suggests that its dynamic support has changed during the last 30 Ma.
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, Clements T, 2014,

    Impact of payments for environmental services and protected areas on local livelihoods and forest conservation in northern Cambodia

    , Conservation Biology, ISSN: 1523-1739

    The potential impacts of payments for environmental services (PES) and protected areas (PAs) on environmental outcomes and local livelihoods in developing countries are contentious and have been widely debated. The available evidence is sparse, with few rigorous evaluations of the environmental and social impacts of PAs and particularly of PES. We measured the impacts on forests and human well-being of three different PES programs instituted within two PAs in northern Cambodia, using a panel of intervention villages and matched controls. Both PES and PAs delivered additional environmental outcomes relative to the counterfactual: reducing deforestation rates significantly relative to controls. PAs increased security of access to land and forest resources for local households, benefiting forest resource users but restricting households’ ability to expand and diversify their agriculture. The impacts of PES on household well-being were related to the magnitude of the payments provided. The two higher paying market-linked PES programs had significant positive impacts, whereas a lower paying program that targeted biodiversity protection had no detectable effect on livelihoods, despite its positive environmental outcomes. Households that signed up for the higher paying PES programs, however, typically needed more capital assets; hence, they were less poor and more food secure than other villagers. Therefore, whereas the impacts of PAs on household well-being were limited overall and varied between livelihood strategies, the PES programs had significant positive impacts on livelihoods for those that could afford to participate. Our results are consistent with theories that PES, when designed appropriately, can be a powerful new tool for delivering conservation goals whilst benefiting local people.
  • Journal article
    Reeve MT, Bell RE, Duffy OB, Jackson CA-L, Sansom Eet al., 2014,

    The Development of Non-Colinear Fault Systems: What Can We Learn From 3D Seismic Reflection Data?

    , Journal of Structural Geology, Vol: 70, Pages: 141-155, ISSN: 0191-8141

    Many rift zones exhibit a range of fault orientations, rather than simple colinear faults that strike orthogonal to the least principal stress. The formation of non-colinear fault sets has implications in assessing rift zone kinematics, as well as determining the palaeo-stress state in extensional basins. Using high-resolution borehole-constrained 3D seismic reflection data we deduce the likely mechanisms responsible for the formation of a population of non-colinear faults in the Måløy Slope area of the northern North Sea. Three basement-displacing fault populations exist on the Måløy Slope; (i) large (>1 km throw), N-S-striking faults, and smaller (<250 m throw) (ii) N-S- and (iii) NE-SW-striking faults, all of which initiated in the Middle Jurassic. Coeval growth of these fault populations, and the apparent correlation between the NE-SW faults and a NE-SW-trending gravity and magnetic anomaly high suggests that variation in basement properties may have represented a NE-SW trending zone of weakness which was subsequently exploited during Jurassic extension. The results of our study have critical implications for understanding the larger-scale kinematic evolution of the North Sea rift, arguing that major rotations in the extension direction are not required to generate multiple fault sets locally or across the rift.
  • Journal article
    Li G, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Falster Det al., 2014,

    Simulation of tree-ring widths with a model for primary production, carbon allocation, and growth

    , Biogeosciences, Vol: 11, Pages: 6711-6724, ISSN: 1726-4170

    We present a simple, generic model of annual tree growth, called "T". This model accepts input from a first-principles light-use efficiency model (the "P" model). The P model provides values for gross primary production (GPP) per unit of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Absorbed PAR is estimated from the current leaf area. GPP is allocated to foliage, transport tissue, and fine-root production and respiration in such a way as to satisfy well-understood dimensional and functional relationships. Our approach thereby integrates two modelling approaches separately developed in the global carbon-cycle and forest-science literature. The T model can represent both ontogenetic effects (the impact of ageing) and the effects of environmental variations and trends (climate and CO2) on growth. Driven by local climate records, the model was applied to simulate ring widths during the period 1958–2006 for multiple trees of Pinus koraiensis from the Changbai Mountains in northeastern China. Each tree was initialised at its actual diameter at the time when local climate records started. The model produces realistic simulations of the interannual variability in ring width for different age cohorts (young, mature, and old). Both the simulations and observations show a significant positive response of tree-ring width to growing-season total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR0) and the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration (α), and a significant negative response to mean annual temperature (MAT). The slopes of the simulated and observed relationships with PAR0 and α are similar; the negative response to MAT is underestimated by the model. Comparison of simulations with fixed and changing atmospheric CO2 concentration shows that CO2 fertilisation over the past 50 years is too small to be distinguished in the ring-width data, given ontogenetic trends and interannual variability in climate.
  • Journal article
    Davies TK, Mees CC, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,

    Modelling the Spatial Behaviour of a Tropical Tuna Purse Seine Fleet

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 9, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Madani K, 2014,

    Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis?

    , Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Vol: 4, Pages: 315-328, ISSN: 2190-6483

    Despite having a more advanced water management system than most Middle Eastern countries, similar to the other countries in the region, Iran is experiencing a serious water crisis. The government blames the current crisis on the changing climate, frequent droughts, and international sanctions, believing that water shortages are periodic. However, the dramatic water security issues of Iran are rooted in decades of disintegrated planning and managerial myopia. Iran has suffered from a symptom-based management paradigm, which mainly focuses on curing the problem symptoms rather than addressing the main causes. This paper reviews the current status of water resources in Iran and recognizes three major causes for the current water crisis: (1) rapid population growth and inappropriate spatial population distribution; (2) inefficient agriculture sector; and (3) mismanagement and thirst for development. The country is faced with serious challenges in the water sector, including but not limited to rising water demand and shortage, declining groundwater levels, deteriorating water quality, and increasing ecosystem losses. If immediate actions are not taken to address these issues, the situation could become more tragic in the near future. The paper suggests some crisis exit strategies that need to be immediately adopted to secure sustainable water resources, if Iran does not want to lose its international reputation for significant success in water resources management over thousands of years in an arid area of the world.
  • Journal article
    Schoch CL, Robbertse B, Robert V, Duong V, Cardinali G, Irinyi L, Meyer W, Nilsson RH, Hughes K, Miller AN, Kirk PM, Abarenkov K, Aime MC, Ariyawansa HA, Bidartondo M, Boekhout T, Buyck B, Cai Q, Chen J, Crespo A, Crous PW, Damm U, De Beer ZW, Dentinger BTM, Divakar PK, Duenas M, Feau N, Fliegerova K, Garcia MA, Ge Z-W, Griffith G, Groenewald JZ, Groenewald M, Grube M, Gryzenhout M, Gueidan C, Guo L, Hambleton S, Hamelin R, Hansen K, Hofstetter V, Hong S-B, Houbraken J, Hyde KD, Inderbitzin P, Johnston PR, Karunarathna SC, Koljalg U, Kovacs GM, Kraichak E, Krizsan K, Kurtzman CP, Larsson K-H, Leavitt S, Letcher PM, Liimatainen K, Liu J-K, Lodge DJ, Luangsa-ard JJ, Lumbsch HT, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Manamgoda D, Martin MP, Minnis AM, Moncalvo J-M, Mule G, Nakasone KK, Niskanen T, Olariaga I, Papp T, Petkovits T, Pino-Bodas R, Powell MJ, Raja HA, Redecker D, Sarmiento-Ramirez JM, Seifert KA, Shrestha B, Stenroos S, Stielow B, Suh S-O, Tanaka K, Tedersoo L, Teresa Telleria M, Udayanga D, Untereiner WA, Dieguez Uribeondo J, Subbarao KV, Vagvoelgyi C, Visagie C, Voigt K, Walker DM, Weir BS, Weiss M, Wijayawardene NN, Wingfield MJ, Xu JP, Yang ZL, Zhang N, Zhuang W-Y, Federhen Set al., 2014,

    Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

    , Database, Vol: 2014, ISSN: 0162-4105

    DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.
  • Journal article
    Gambhir A, Napp TA, Emmott CJM, Anandarajah Get al., 2014,

    India's CO<sub>2</sub> emissions pathways to 2050: Energy system, economic and fossil fuel impacts with and without carbon permit trading

    , ENERGY, Vol: 77, Pages: 791-801, ISSN: 0360-5442
  • Journal article
    Kimura S, Holland PR, Jenkins A, Piggott Met al., 2014,

    The Effect of Meltwater Plumes on the Melting of a Vertical Glacier Face

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 44, Pages: 3099-3117, ISSN: 0022-3670
  • Journal article
    Collins A, Voulvoulis N, 2014,

    Ecological assessments of surface water bodies at the river basin level: a case study from England

    , ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, Vol: 186, Pages: 8649-8665, ISSN: 0167-6369

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