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• Journal article
  Yoshida M, Amrania H, Farrell DJ, Browne B, Yoxall E, Ekins-Daukes NJ, Phillips CCet al., 2014,

  Progress Toward Realizing an Intermediate Band Solar Cell-Sequential Absorption of Photons in a Quantum Well Solar Cell

  , IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, Vol: 4, Pages: 634-638, ISSN: 2156-3381
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Boulet P, Parent G, Acern Z, Collin A, Forsth M, Bal N, Rein G, Torero Jet al., 2014,

  Radiation emission from a heating coil or a halogen lamp on a semitransparent sample

  , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES, Vol: 77, Pages: 223-232, ISSN: 1290-0729
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  • Citations: 28
• Journal article
  Terdich N, Martinez-Botas RF, Romagnoli A, Pesiridis Aet al., 2014,

  Mild Hybridization via Electrification of the Air System: Electrically Assisted and Variable Geometry Turbocharging Impact on an Off-Road Diesel Engine

  , JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 136, ISSN: 0742-4795
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  • Citations: 25
• Journal article
  Michael NA, Whittaker AC, Carter A, Allen PAet al., 2014,

  Volumetric budget and grain-size fractionation of a geological sediment routing system: Eocene Escanilla Formation

  , Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol: 126, Pages: 585-599
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• Journal article
  Brown NJ, Harris JE, Yin X, Silverwood I, White AJP, Kazarian SG, Hellgardt K, Shaffer MSP, Williams CKet al., 2014,

  Mononuclear phenolate diamine zinc hydride complexes and their Reactions with CO2

  , Organometallics, Vol: 33, Pages: 1112-1119, ISSN: 1520-6041

  The synthesis, characterization, and zinc coordination chemistry of the three proligands 2-tert-butyl-4-[tert-butyl (1)/methoxy (2)/nitro (3)]-6-{[(2′-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenol are described. Each of the ligands was reacted with diethylzinc to yield zinc ethyl complexes 4–6; these complexes were subsequently reacted with phenylsilanol to yield zinc siloxide complexes 7–9. Finally, the zinc siloxide complexes were reacted with phenylsilane to produce the three new zinc hydride complexes 10–12. The new complexes 4–12 have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. The structures of the zinc hydride complexes have been probed using VT-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction experiments. These data indicate that the complexes exhibit mononuclear structures at 298 K, both in the solid state and in solution (d8-toluene). At 203 K, the NMR signals broaden, consistent with an equilibrium between the mononuclear and dinuclear bis(μ-hydrido) complexes. All three zinc hydride complexes react rapidly and quantitatively with carbon dioxide, at 298 K and 1 bar of pressure over 20 min, to form the new zinc formate complexes 13–15. The zinc formate complexes have been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and VT-NMR studies, which reveal a temperature-dependent monomer–dimer equilibrium that is dominated by the mononuclear species at 298 K.

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• Journal article
  Chong YJ, Khan A, Scheelbeek P, Butler A, Bowers D, Vineis Pet al., 2014,

  Climate change and salinity in drinking water as a global problem: using remote-sensing methods to monitor surface water salinity

  , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING, Vol: 35, Pages: 1585-1599, ISSN: 0143-1161
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  • Citations: 6
• Journal article
  Masato G, Woollings T, Hoskins BJ, 2014,

  Structure and impact of atmospheric blocking over the Euro-Atlantic region in present-day and future simulations

  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 41, Pages: 1051-1058, ISSN: 0094-8276
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  • Citations: 33
• Journal article
  Tariq F, Yufit V, Kishimoto M, Shearing PR, Menkin S, Golodnitsky D, Gelb J, Peled E, Brandon NPet al., 2014,

  Three-dimensional high resolution X-ray imaging and quantification of lithium ion battery mesocarbon microbead anodes

  , JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, Vol: 248, Pages: 1014-1020, ISSN: 0378-7753
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  • Citations: 65
• Journal article
  Abramavicius V, Vithanage DA, Devizis A, Infahsaeng Y, Bruno A, Foster S, Keivanidis PE, Abramavicius D, Nelson J, Yartsev A, Sundstroem V, Gulbinas Vet al., 2014,

  Carrier motion in as-spun and annealed P3HT:PCBM blends revealed by ultrafast optical electric field probing and Monte Carlo simulations

  , PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 16, Pages: 2686-2692, ISSN: 1463-9076
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• Journal article
  Eminov S, Wilton-Ely JDET, Hallett JP, 2014,

  Highly selective and near-quantitative conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using mildly acidic ionic liquids

  , ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol: 2, Pages: 978-981, ISSN: 2168-0485
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• Journal article
  Barndorff-Nielsen OE, Benth FE, Veraart AED, 2014,

  Recent advances in ambit stochastics with a view towards tempo-spatial stochastic volatility/intermittency

  , Banach Center Publications, Vol: 104, Pages: 25-60
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• Journal article
  Claudio AFM, Swift L, Hallett JP, Welton T, Coutinho JAP, Freire MGet al., 2014,

  Extended scale for the hydrogen-bond basicity of ionic liquids

  , Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol: 16, Pages: 6593-6601, ISSN: 1463-9084

  In the past decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have been the focus of intensive research regarding their use as potential and alternative solvents in many chemical applications. Targeting their effectiveness, recent investigations have attempted to establish polarity scales capable of ranking ILs according to their chemical behaviours. However, some major drawbacks have been found since polarity scales only report relative ranks because they depend on the set of probe dyes used, and they are sensitive to measurement conditions, such as purity levels of the ILs and procedures employed. Due to all these difficulties it is of crucial importance to find alternative and/or predictive methods and to evaluate them as a priori approaches capable of providing the chemical properties of ILs. Furthermore, the large number of ILs available makes their experimental characterization, usually achieved by a trial and error methodology, burdensome. In this context, we firstly evaluated COSMO-RS, COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents, as an alternative tool to estimate the hydrogen-bond basicity of ILs. After demonstrating a straight-line correlation between the experimental hydrogen-bond basicity values and the COSMO-RS hydrogen-bonding energies in equimolar cation–anion pairs, an extended scale for the hydrogen-bond accepting ability of IL anions is proposed here. This new ranking of the ILs' chemical properties opens the possibility to pre-screen appropriate ILs (even those not yet synthesized) for a given task or application.

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• Report
  Green RJ, Staffell I, 2014,

  The Impact of Government Interventions on Investment in the GB Electricity Market

  , Brussels, Publisher: European Commission

  Report to DG Competition of the European Commission in the State Aid case concerning the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station

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• Journal article
  Barndorff-Nielsen OE, Lunde A, Shephard N, Veraart AEDet al., 2014,

  Integer-valued trawl processes: A class of stationary infinitely divisible processes

  , Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Vol: 41, Pages: 693-724
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• Report
  Granelli A, Veraart AED, 2014,

  Modelling the Variance Risk Premium of Equity Indices: The Role of Dependence and Contagion

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• Journal article
  Romain C, Williams CK, 2014,

  Chemoselective Polymerization Control: From Mixed-Monomer Feedstock to Copolymers

  , Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, Vol: 53, Pages: 1607-1610, ISSN: 1521-3773
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• Journal article
  Hjorth P, Madani K, 2014,

  Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment: New Challenges Require New Thinking

  , JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 140, Pages: 133-135, ISSN: 0733-9496
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  • Citations: 20
• Journal article
  Vlachopoulou M, Coughlin D, Forrow D, Kirk S, Logan P, Voulvoulis Net al., 2014,

  The potential of using the Ecosystem Approach in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive

  , SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 470, Pages: 684-694, ISSN: 0048-9697
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  • Citations: 80
• Book chapter
  Ekins-Daukes NJ, 2014,

  III-V Solar Cells

  , Solar Cell Materials: Developing Technologies, Editors: Conibeer, Willoughby, Publisher: Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-470-06551-8
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• Journal article
  Jordan JR, Holland PR, Jenkins A, Piggott MD, Kimura Set al., 2014,

  Modeling ice-ocean interaction in ice-shelf crevasses

  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, Vol: 119, Pages: 995-1008, ISSN: 2169-9275
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  • Citations: 14
• Journal article
  Rajoo S, Pesiridis A, Martinez-Botas R, 2014,

  Novel method to improve engine exhaust energy extraction with active control turbocharger

  , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH, Vol: 15, Pages: 236-249, ISSN: 1468-0874
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  • Citations: 8
• Journal article
  Knott EJ, Bunnefeld N, Huber D, Reljic S, Kerezi V, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

  The potential impacts of changes in bear hunting policy for hunting organisations in Croatia

  , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH, Vol: 60, Pages: 85-97, ISSN: 1612-4642
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  • Citations: 19
• Journal article
  Mukherjee S, Kumar P, Hosseini A, Yang A, Fennell Pet al., 2014,

  Comparative Assessment of Gasification Based Coal Power Plants with Various CO₂ Capture Technologies Producing Electricity and Hydrogen

  , ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 1028-1040, ISSN: 0887-0624
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  • Citations: 31
• Journal article
  Slade R, Bauen A, Gross R, 2014,

  Global bioenergy resources

  , Nature Climate Change, Vol: 4, Pages: 99-105, ISSN: 1758-678X

  Using biomass to provide energy services is a strategically important option for increasing the global uptake of renewable energy. Yet the practicalities of accelerating deployment are mired in controversy over the potential resource conflicts that might occur, particularly over land, water and biodiversity conservation. This calls into question whether policies to promote bioenergy are justified. Here we examine the assumptions on which global bioenergy resource estimates are predicated. We find that there is a disjunct between the evidence that global bioenergy studies can provide and policymakers' desire for estimates that can straightforwardly guide policy targets. We highlight the need for bottom-up assessments informed by empirical studies, experimentation and cross-disciplinary learning to better inform the policy debate.

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• Journal article
  Guilbert AAY, Frost JM, Agostinelli T, Pires E, Lilliu S, Macdonald JE, Nelson Jet al., 2014,

  Influence of Bridging Atom and Side Chains on the Structure and Crystallinity of Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Polymers

  , CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, Vol: 26, Pages: 1226-1233, ISSN: 0897-4756
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  • Citations: 46
• Journal article
  van Reeuwijk M, Holzner M, 2014,

  The turbulence boundary of a temporal jet

  , Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol: 739, Pages: 254-275, ISSN: 0022-1120

  We examine the structure of the turbulence boundary of a temporal plane jet at Re=5000 using statistics conditioned on the enstrophy. The data is obtained by direct numerical simulation and threshold values span 24 orders of magnitude, ranging from essentially irrotational fluid outside the jet to fully turbulent fluid in the jet core. We use two independent estimators for the local entrainment velocity vn based on the enstrophy budget. The data show clear evidence for the existence of a viscous superlayer (VSL) that envelopes the turbulence. The VSL is a nearly one-dimensional layer with low surface curvature. We find that both its area and viscous transport velocity adjust to the imposed rate of entrainment so that the integral entrainment flux is independent of threshold, although low-Reynolds-number effects play a role for the case under consideration. This threshold independence is consistent with the inviscid nature of the integral rate of entrainment. A theoretical model of the VSL is developed that is in reasonably good agreement with the data and predicts that the contribution of viscous transport and dissipation to interface propagation have magnitude 2vn and −vn , respectively. We further identify a turbulent core region (TC) and a buffer region (BR) connecting the VSL and the TC. The BR grows in time and inviscid enstrophy production is important in this region. The BR shows many similarities with the turbulent–non-turbulent interface (TNTI), although the TNTI seems to extend into the TC. The average distance between the TC and the VSL, i.e. the BR thickness is about 10 Kolmogorov length scales or half a Taylor length scale, indicating that intense turbulent flow regions and viscosity-dominated regions are in close proximity.

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• Journal article
  Zhou Z, Dionisio KL, Verissimo TG, Kerr AS, Coull B, Howie S, Arku RE, Koutrakis P, Spengler JD, Fornace K, Hughes AF, Vallarino J, Agyei-Mensah S, Ezzati Met al., 2014,

  Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Household Fine Particulate Matter in Rural, Peri-urban, and Urban West Africa

  , ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 48, Pages: 1343-1351, ISSN: 0013-936X
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  • Citations: 37
• Journal article
  Farrell PE, Cotter CJ, Funke SW, 2014,

  A framework for the automation of generalised stability theory

  , SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol: 36, Pages: C25-C48
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• Journal article
  Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Badaloni C, Beelen R, Caracciolo B, de Faire U, Erbel R, Eriksen KT, Fratiglioni L, Galassi C, Hampel R, Heier M, Hennig F, Hilding A, Hoffmann B, Houthuijs D, Joeckel K-H, Korek M, Lanki T, Leander K, Magnusson PKE, Migliore E, Ostenson C-G, Overvad K, Pedersen NL, Pekkanen JJ, Penell J, Pershagen G, Pyko A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ranzi A, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Salomaa V, Swart W, Turunen AW, Vineis P, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, de Hoogh K, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Peters Aet al., 2014,

  Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project

  , BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 348, ISSN: 0959-535X
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  • Citations: 362
• Journal article
  Bell RE, Jackson CAL, Elliott GM, Gawthorpe RL, Sharp IR, Michelsen L, Bell R, Jackson CA-L, Elliott G, Gawthorpe R, Sharp IR, Michelsen Let al., 2014,

  Insights into the development of major rift-related unconformities from geologically constrained subsidence modelling: Halten Terrace, offshore mid Norway

  , Basin Research, Vol: 26, Pages: 203-224

  Due to the effects of sediment compaction, thermal subsidence and ‘post-rift’ fault reactivation, the present-day geometry of buried, ancient rift basins may not accurately reflect the geometry of the basin at any stage of its syn-rift evolution. An understanding of the geometry of a rift basin through time is crucial for resolving the dynamics of continental rifting and in assessing the hydrocarbon prospectivity of such basins. In this study, we have restored the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous geometry of the southern Halten Terrace, offshore mid Norway, using a combination of well log- and core-derived, sedimentological and stratigraphic data, seismic-stratigraphic observations and reverse subsidence modelling. This integrated geological and geophysical approach has allowed the large number of input parameters involved in flexural backstripping and post-rift thermal subsidence modelling to be constrained. We have thus been able to determine the regional structure of the basin at the end of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rift phase and the associated amount of crustal stretching. Our basin geometry reconstructions reveal that, during the latest syn-rift period in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, the Halten Terrace was characterized by a series of isolated depocentres, located between footwall islands, which were not connected into a single depocentre until the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian). We show that two major unconformities, which are now vertically offset by ca. 2 km and located ca. 60 km apart, formed at similar subaerial elevations in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and were subsequently vertically offset by thermally induced tilting of the basin margin. Cretaceous sediments were deposited in a single, relatively unconfined basin in water depths of 1–1.5 km. The β profile that best restores palaeobathymetry to match our geological constraints is the same as that derived from summing visible post-Late Tri

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