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  • Journal article
    Pooley SP, Mendelsohn JA, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,

    Hunting Down the Chimera of Multiple Disciplinarity in Conservation Science

    , Conservation Biology

    The consensus is that both ecological and social factors are essential dimensions of conservation research and practice. However, much of the literature on multiple disciplinary collaboration focuses on the difficulties of undertaking it. This review of the challenges of conducting multiple disciplinary collaboration offers a framework for thinking about the diversity and complexity of this endeavor. We focused on conceptual challenges, of which 5 main categories emerged: methodological challenges, value judgments, theories of knowledge, disciplinary prejudices, and interdisciplinary communication. The major problems identified in these areas have proved remarkably persistent in the literature surveyed (c.1960–2012). Reasons for these failures to learn from past experience include the pressure to produce positive outcomes and gloss over disagreements, the ephemeral nature of many such projects and resulting lack of institutional memory, and the apparent complexity and incoherence of the endeavor. We suggest that multiple disciplinary collaboration requires conceptual integration among carefully selected multiple disciplinary team members united in investigating a shared problem or question. We outline a 9-point sequence of steps for setting up a successful multiple disciplinary project. This encompasses points on recruitment, involving stakeholders, developing research questions, negotiating power dynamics and hidden values and conceptual differences, explaining and choosing appropriate methods, developing a shared language, facilitating on-going communications, and discussing data integration and project outcomes. Although numerous solutions to the challenges of multiple disciplinary research have been proposed, lessons learned are often lost when projects end or experienced individuals move on. We urge multiple disciplinary teams to capture the challenges recognized, and solutions proposed, by their researchers while projects are in process. A database of we
  • Book chapter
    Wheater H, McIntyre N, Bulygina N, Fraser C, Jackson Bet al., 2013,

    Prediction in Ungauged Basins – The Challenge of Catchment Non-Stationarity

    , Editors: Pomeroy, Whitfield, Spence, ISBN: 978-1-896513-38-6
  • Journal article
    Wu B, Yufit V, Marinescu M, Offer GJ, Martinez-Botas RF, Brandon NPet al., 2013,

    Coupled thermal–electrochemical modelling of uneven heat generation in lithium-ion battery packs

    , Journal of Power Sources, Vol: 243, Pages: 544-554, ISSN: 0378-7753

    Abstract In battery packs with cells in parallel, the inter-cell connection resistances can cause unequal loads due to non-uniform interconnect overpotentials and consequentially lead to non-uniform heating. This article explores how load imbalances are generated in automotive applications, by describing a battery pack with finite interconnect resistances. Each cell inside the pack is represented by a pseudo 2D electrochemical model coupled with a lumped thermal model. Increasing the number of cells in parallel results in a linear increase in load non-uniformity, whilst increasing the ratio of interconnect to battery impedance results in a logarithmic increase in load non-uniformity, with cells closest to the load points experiencing the largest currents. Therefore, interconnect resistances of the order of mΩ can have a significant detrimental impact. Under steady state discharge the cell impedance changes until the loads balance. This process, however, can take hundreds of seconds and therefore may never happen under dynamic load cycles. Cycling within a narrow state-of-charge range and pulse loading are shown to be the most detrimental situations. Upon load removal, re-balancing can occur causing further heating. Simulation of a 12P7S pack under a real world load cycle shows that these effects could cause localised thermal runaway.
  • Journal article
    Nuno A, Bunnefeld N, Naiman LC, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    A novel approach to assessing the prevalence and drivers of illegal bushmeat hunting in the serengeti

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1355-1365, ISSN: 1523-1739

    Assessing anthropogenic effects on biological diversity, identifying drivers of human behavior, and motivating behavioral change are at the core of effective conservation. Yet knowledge of people's behaviors is often limited because the true extent of natural resource exploitation is difficult to ascertain, particularly if it is illegal. To obtain estimates of rule-breaking behavior, a technique has been developed with which to ask sensitive questions. We used this technique, unmatched-count technique (UCT), to provide estimates of bushmeat poaching, to determine motivation and seasonal and spatial distribution of poaching, and to characterize poaching households in the Serengeti. We also assessed the potential for survey biases on the basis of respondent perceptions of understanding, anonymity, and discomfort. Eighteen percent of households admitted to being involved in hunting. Illegal bushmeat hunting was more likely in households with seasonal or full-time employment, lower household size, and longer household residence in the village. The majority of respondents found the UCT questions easy to understand and were comfortable answering them. Our results suggest poaching remains widespread in the Serengeti and current alternative sources of income may not be sufficiently attractive to compete with the opportunities provided by hunting. We demonstrate that the UCT is well suited to investigating noncompliance in conservation because it reduces evasive responses, resulting in more accurate estimates, and is technically simple to apply. We suggest that the UCT could be more widely used, with the trade-off being the increased complexity of data analyses and requirement for large sample sizes.
  • Journal article
    Bunnefeld N, Edwards CTT, Atickem A, Hailu F, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1344-1354, ISSN: 1523-1739

    Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on theimplications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has beensuggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show thatoverharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophyhunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertaintiesgenerated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: thesafari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompassesthe population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. Weinvestigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies.Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, butpoaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interestsof companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging communitymembers as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond whichthe year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a rolefor government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this levelis not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholderswhen designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address theparticular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily.
  • Journal article
    Berloff P, Kamenkovich I, 2013,

    On Spectral Analysis of Mesoscale Eddies. Part I: Linear Analysis

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 43, Pages: 2505-2527, ISSN: 0022-3670
  • Journal article
    Waldock J, Parham PE, Lelieveld J, Christophides GKet al., 2013,

    Climate and Human Health: The Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases, Paphos, Cyprus (17-19 October 2012)

    , PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH, Vol: 107, Pages: 387-392, ISSN: 2047-7724
  • Journal article
    Koch FPV, Rivnay J, Foster S, Mueller C, Downing JM, Buchaca-Domingo E, Westacott P, Yu L, Yuan M, Baklar M, Fei Z, Luscombe C, McLachlan MA, Heeney M, Rumbles G, Silva C, Salleo A, Nelson J, Smith P, Stingelin Net al., 2013,

    The impact of molecular weight on microstructure and charge transport in semicrystalline polymer Semiconductors poly(3-hexylthiophene), a model study

    , PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE, Vol: 38, Pages: 1978-1989, ISSN: 0079-6700
  • Journal article
    Yu W-Z, Graham N, Liu H-J, Qu J-Het al., 2013,

    Comparison of FeCl<sub>3</sub> and alum pre-treatment on UF membrane fouling

    , CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, Vol: 234, Pages: 158-165, ISSN: 1385-8947
  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Gray C, Baird DJ, 2013,

    Biomonitoring for the 21st Century: new perspectives in an age of globalisation and emerging environmental threats

    , LIMNETICA, Vol: 32, Pages: 159-173, ISSN: 0213-8409
  • Journal article
    Dibb GFA, Muth M-A, Kirchartz T, Engmann S, Hoppe H, Gobsch G, Thelakkat M, Blouin N, Tierney S, Carrasco-Orozco M, Durrant JR, Nelson Jet al., 2013,

    Influence of doping on charge carrier collection in normal and inverted geometry polymer: fullerene solar cells

    , SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2045-2322
  • Journal article
    Davies GM, Gray A, Rein G, Legg CJet al., 2013,

    Peat consumption and carbon loss due to smouldering wildfire in a temperate peatland

    , FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 308, Pages: 169-177, ISSN: 0378-1127
  • Journal article
    Xue Z, Rehkaemper M, Horner TJ, Abouchami W, Middag R, van de Flierdt T, de Baar HJWet al., 2013,

    Cadmium isotope variations in the Southern Ocean

    , EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, Vol: 382, Pages: 161-172, ISSN: 0012-821X
  • Journal article
    Zarezadeh M, Madani K, Morid S, 2013,

    Resolving conflicts over trans-boundary rivers using bankruptcy methods

    <jats:p>Abstract. A bankruptcy approach is proposed for resolving trans-boundary rivers conflicts in which the total water demand or claim of the riparian parties is more than the available water. Bankruptcy solution methods can allocate the available water to the conflicting parties with respect to their claims. Four bankruptcy rules are used here to allocate the available water to the riparian parties. Given the non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution of water across river basins, bankruptcy optimization models are proposed to allocate water based on these rules with respect to time sensitivity of water deliveries during the planning horizon. Once allocation solutions are developed, their acceptability and stability must be evaluated. Thus, a new stability index method is developed for evaluating the acceptability of bankruptcy solutions. To show how the bankruptcy framework can be helpful in practice, the suggested methods are applied to a real-world tarns-boundary river system with eight riparians under various hydrologic regimes. Stability analysis based on the proposed stability index method suggests that the acceptability of allocation rules is sensitive to hydrologic conditions and demand values. This finding has an important policy implication suggesting that fixed allocation rules and trans-boundary treaties may not be reliable for securing cooperation over trans-boundary water resources as they are vulnerable to changing socio-economic and climatic conditions as well as hydrologic non-stationarity. </jats:p>
  • Journal article
    Bronstein H, Hurhangee M, Fregoso EC, Beatrup D, Soon YW, Huang Z, Hadipour A, Tuladhar PS, Rossbauer S, Sohn E-H, Shoaee S, Dimitrov SD, Frost JM, Ashraf RS, Kirchartz T, Watkins SE, Song K, Anthopoulos T, Nelson J, Rand BP, Durrant JR, McCulloch Iet al., 2013,

    Isostructural, Deeper Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Analogues of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) for High-Open Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells

    , CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, Vol: 25, Pages: 4239-4249, ISSN: 0897-4756
  • Journal article
    Bakewell C, White AJP, Long NJ, Williams CKet al., 2013,

    8-quinolinolato gallium complexes: iso-selective initiators for rac-lactide polymerization

    , Inorganic Chemistry, Vol: 52, Pages: 12561-12567, ISSN: 1520-510X

    The synthesis and characterization of a series of 8-quinolinolato gallium complexes is presented, and the complexes are analogous to a series of aluminum complexes previously reported. The complexes have been shown to be active initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. High degrees of polymerization control are demonstrated, as exemplified by the linear evolution of molecular weight as the polymerization progresses, narrow polydispersity indices, and molecular weights corresponding to those predicted on the basis of initiator concentration. Some of the initiators show iso-selective polymerization of rac-lactide, with Pi = 0.70. The polymerization rates have been monitored, and the pseudo first-order rate constants are compared to those of analogous aluminum compounds. The 8-quinolinolato gallium initiators show rates approximately 3 times higher than those of the series of aluminum compounds, while maintaining equivalently high iso-selectivity (Pi = 0.70) and polymerization control.
  • Journal article
    Wearn OR, Rowcliffe JM, Carbone C, Bernard H, Ewers RMet al., 2013,

    Assessing the status of wild felids in a highly-disturbed commercial forest reserve in Borneo and the implications for camera trap survey design

    , PLoS One, Vol: 8, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 1932-6203

    The proliferation of camera-trapping studies has led to a spate of extensions in the known distributions of many wild cat species, not least in Borneo. However, we still do not have a clear picture of the spatial patterns of felid abundance in Southeast Asia, particularly with respect to the large areas of highly-disturbed habitat. An important obstacle to increasing the usefulness of camera trap data is the widespread practice of setting cameras at non-random locations. Non-random deployment interacts with non-random space-use by animals, causing biases in our inferences about relative abundance from detection frequencies alone. This may be a particular problem if surveys do not adequately sample the full range of habitat features present in a study region. Using camera-trapping records and incidental sightings from the Kalabakan Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we aimed to assess the relative abundance of felid species in highly-disturbed forest, as well as investigate felid space-use and the potential for biases resulting from non-random sampling. Although the area has been intensively logged over three decades, it was found to still retain the full complement of Bornean felids, including the bay cat Pardofelis badia, a poorly known Bornean endemic. Camera-trapping using strictly random locations detected four of the five Bornean felid species and revealed inter- and intra-specific differences in space-use. We compare our results with an extensive dataset of >1,200 felid records from previous camera-trapping studies and show that the relative abundance of the bay cat, in particular, may have previously been underestimated due to the use of non-random survey locations. Further surveys for this species using random locations will be crucial in determining its conservation status. We advocate the more wide-spread use of random survey locations in future camera-trapping surveys in order to increase the robustness and generality of inferences that can be ma
  • Journal article
    Adams GL, Pichler DE, Cox EJ, O'Gorman EJ, Seeney A, Woodward G, Reuman DCet al., 2013,

    Diatoms can be an important exception to temperature-size rules at species and community levels of organization

    , Global Change Biology, Vol: 19, Pages: 3540-3552, ISSN: 1354-1013
  • Report
    Gross R, Heptonstall P, Greenacre P, Candelise C, Jones F, Castillo Castillo Aet al., 2013,

    Presenting the future: An assessment of future cost estimation methodologies in the electricity sector

    , London, Publisher: UKERC
  • Journal article
    Aisopou A, Stoianov I, Graham N, Karney B, Aisopou A, Stoianov I, Graham NJD, Karney Bet al., 2013,

    Analytical and experimental investigation of chlorine decay in water supply systems under unsteady hydraulic conditions

    , Journal of Hydroinformatics

    This paper investigates the impact of the dynamic hydraulic conditions on the kinetics of chlorine decay in water supply systems. A simulation framework has been developed for the scale-adaptive hydraulic and chlorine decay modelling under steady and unsteady state flows. An unsteady decay coefficient is defined which depends upon the absolute value of shear stress and the rate of change of shear stress for quasi-unsteady and unsteady-state flows. By coupling novel instrumentation technologies for continuous hydraulic monitoring and water quality sensors for in-pipe water quality sensing a pioneering experimental and analytical investigation was carried out in a water transmission main. The results were used to model monochloramine decay and these demonstrate that the dynamic hydraulic conditions have a significant impact on water quality deterioration. The spatial and temporal resolution of experimental data provides new insights for the near real-time modelling and management of water quality as well as highlighting the uncertainty and challenges of accurately modelling the loss of disinfectant in water supply networks.
  • Journal article
    Yu W-Z, Liu H-J, Xu L, Qu J-H, Graham Net al., 2013,

    The pre-treatment of submerged ultrafiltration membrane by coagulation-Effect of polyacrylamide as a coagulant aid

    , JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, Vol: 446, Pages: 50-58, ISSN: 0376-7388
  • Report
    Ford R, Glover M, Ham D, Maynard C, Pickles S, Riley Get al., 2013,

    GungHo Phase 1 Computational Science Recommendations

    , Publisher: The Met Office, Forecasting Research Technical Report No: 587
  • Journal article
    Yang G-Y, Hoskins B, 2013,

    ENSO Impact on Kelvin Waves and Associated Tropical Convection

    , JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, Vol: 70, Pages: 3513-3532, ISSN: 0022-4928
  • Journal article
    Hadian S, Madani K, 2013,

    The Water Demand of Energy: Implications for Sustainable Energy Policy Development

    , SUSTAINABILITY, Vol: 5, Pages: 4674-4687
  • Journal article
    Duan J, McIntyre N, Onof C, 2013,

    A rainfall model for drought risk analysis in south-east UK

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, Vol: 166, Pages: 519-535, ISSN: 1741-7589
  • Journal article
    Le Brocq AM, Ross N, Griggs JA, Bingham RG, Corr HFJ, Ferraccioli F, Jenkins A, Jordan TA, Payne AJ, Rippin DM, Siegert MJet al., 2013,

    Evidence from ice shelves for channelized meltwater flow beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet

    , NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 6, Pages: 945-948, ISSN: 1752-0894
  • Journal article
    Papworth S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Slocombe K, 2013,

    The Natural Place to Begin: The Ethnoprimatology of the Waorani

    , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Vol: 75, Pages: 1117-1128, ISSN: 0275-2565
  • Journal article
    Donatello S, Cheeseman CR, 2013,

    Recycling and recovery routes for incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA): A review

    , WASTE MANAGEMENT, Vol: 33, Pages: 2328-2340, ISSN: 0956-053X
  • Journal article
    Harris G, Heptonstall P, Gross R, Handley Det al., 2013,

    Cost estimates for nuclear power in the UK

    , Energy Policy, Vol: 62, Pages: 431-442
  • Journal article
    Rojas-Rueda D, de Nazelle A, Teixido O, Nieuwenhuijsen MJet al., 2013,

    Health impact assessment of increasing public transport and cycling use in Barcelona: A morbidity and burden of disease approach

    , PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, Vol: 57, Pages: 573-579, ISSN: 0091-7435

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