@article{Mace:2014:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.009,
author = {Mace, GM and Reyers, B and Alkemade, R and Biggs, R and Chapin, FS and Cornell, SE and Diaz, S and Jennings, S and Leadley, P and Mumby, PJ and Purvis, A and Scholes, RJ and Seddon, AWR and Solan, M and Steffen, W and Woodward, G},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.009},
journal = {Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions},
pages = {289--297},
title = {Approaches to defining a planetary boundary for biodiversity},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.009},
volume = {28},
year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - The idea that there is an identifiable set of boundaries, beyond which anthropogenic change will put the Earth system outside a safe operating space for humanity, is attracting interest in the scientific community and gaining support in the environmental policy world. Rockstrom et al. (2009) identify nine such boundaries and highlight biodiversity loss as being the single boundary where current rates of extinction put the Earth system furthest outside the safe operating space. Here we review the evidence to support a boundary based on extinction rates and identify weaknesses with this metric and its bearing on humanity's needs. While changes to biodiversity are of undisputed importance, we show that both extinction rate and species richness are weak metrics for this purpose, and they do not scale well from local to regional or global levels. We develop alternative approaches to determine biodiversity loss boundaries and extend our analysis to consider large-scale responses in the Earth system that could affect its suitability for complex human societies which in turn are mediated by the biosphere. We suggest three facets of biodiversity on which a boundary could be based: the genetic library of life; functional type diversity; and biome condition and extent. For each of these we explore the science needed to indicate how it might be measured and how changes would affect human societies. In addition to these three facets, we show how biodiversity's role in supporting a safe operating space for humanity may lie primarily in its interactions with other boundaries, suggesting an immediate area of focus for scientists and policymakers.
AU  - Mace,GM
AU  - Reyers,B
AU  - Alkemade,R
AU  - Biggs,R
AU  - Chapin,FS
AU  - Cornell,SE
AU  - Diaz,S
AU  - Jennings,S
AU  - Leadley,P
AU  - Mumby,PJ
AU  - Purvis,A
AU  - Scholes,RJ
AU  - Seddon,AWR
AU  - Solan,M
AU  - Steffen,W
AU  - Woodward,G
DO  - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.009
EP  - 297
PY  - 2014///
SN  - 0959-3780
SP  - 289
TI  - Approaches to defining a planetary boundary for biodiversity
T2  - Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.07.009
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000343839100025&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/19538
VL  - 28
ER  - 

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