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Journal articleBeelen R, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Stafoggia M, et al., 2014,
Effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on natural-cause mortality: an analysis of 22 European cohorts within the multicentre ESCAPE project
, LANCET, Vol: 383, Pages: 785-795, ISSN: 0140-6736- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 931
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Journal articleEmanuelsson MAE, McIntyre N, Hunt CF, et al., 2014,
Flood risk assessment for infrastructure networks
, Journal of Flood Risk Management, Vol: 7, Pages: 31-41, ISSN: 1753-318XA practical framework for flood risk screening was developed to assess the flood risk to water utility assets within the infrastructure network. The tool is a combination of probability and consequence assessments. The first takes into account how probable it is for a particular asset to flood and cause significant damage. The second estimates the level of consequences a flood will have, considering, for example, the level of loss of service, environmental pollution and cost. The consequence assessment is based on a dependency assessment that identifies knock‐on effects on other assets within the asset network and assesses the level of consequence they will have. The probability and consequence assessments are combined to produce a risk score that can be used to rank assets in a screening process that aims to assist companies in prioritising the investments required for taking action to reduce flood risk to their assets.
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Journal articleFunke SW, Farrell PE, Piggott MD, 2014,
Tidal turbine array optimisation using the adjoint approach
, Renewable Energy, Vol: 63, Pages: 658-673, ISSN: 0960-1481Oceanic tides have the potential to yield a vast amount of renewable energy. Tidal stream generators are one of the key technologies for extracting and harnessing this potential. In order to extract an economically useful amount of power, hundreds of tidal turbines must typically be deployed in an array. This naturally leads to the question of how these turbines should be configured to extract the maximum possible power: the positioning and the individual tuning of the turbines could significantly influence the extracted power, and hence is of major economic interest. However, manual optimisation is difficult due to legal site constraints, nonlinear interactions of the turbine wakes, and the cubic dependence of the power on the flow speed. The novel contribution of this paper is the formulation of this problem as an optimisation problem constrained by a physical model, which is then solved using an efficient gradient-based optimisation algorithm. In each optimisation iteration, a two-dimensional finite element shallow water model predicts the flow and the performance of the current array configuration. The gradient of the power extracted with respect to the turbine positions and their tuning parameters is then computed in a fraction of the time taken for a flow solution by solving the associated adjoint equations. These equations propagate causality backwards through the computation, from the power extracted back to the turbine positions and the tuning parameters. This yields the gradient at a cost almost independent of the number of turbines, which is crucial for any practical application. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by optimising turbine arrays in four idealised scenarios and a more realistic case with up to 256 turbines in the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth, Scotland.
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Journal articleAsgari S, Afshar A, Madani K, 2014,
Cooperative Game Theoretic Framework for Joint Resource Management in Construction
, JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 140, ISSN: 0733-9364- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 44
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Journal articleDabai F, Paterson N, Milian M, et al., 2014,
Tar Formation and Destruction in a Fixed Bed Reactor Simulating Downdraft Gasification: Effect of Reaction Conditions on Tar Cracking Products
, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 1970-1982, ISSN: 0887-0624- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 32
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Journal articleDavies TK, Mees CC, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2014,
The past, present and future use of drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Indian Ocean
, MARINE POLICY, Vol: 45, Pages: 163-170, ISSN: 0308-597X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 63
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Journal articleYoshida M, Amrania H, Farrell DJ, et al., 2014,
Progress Toward Realizing an Intermediate Band Solar Cell-Sequential Absorption of Photons in a Quantum Well Solar Cell
, IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, Vol: 4, Pages: 634-638, ISSN: 2156-3381- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 11
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Journal articleBoulet P, Parent G, Acern Z, et al., 2014,
Radiation emission from a heating coil or a halogen lamp on a semitransparent sample
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES, Vol: 77, Pages: 223-232, ISSN: 1290-0729- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 28
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Journal articleTerdich N, Martinez-Botas RF, Romagnoli A, et al., 2014,
Mild Hybridization via Electrification of the Air System: Electrically Assisted and Variable Geometry Turbocharging Impact on an Off-Road Diesel Engine
, JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 136, ISSN: 0742-4795- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 25
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Journal articleMichael NA, Whittaker AC, Carter A, et al., 2014,
Volumetric budget and grain-size fractionation of a geological sediment routing system: Eocene Escanilla Formation
, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol: 126, Pages: 585-599 -
Journal articleBrown NJ, Harris JE, Yin X, et al., 2014,
Mononuclear phenolate diamine zinc hydride complexes and their Reactions with CO2
, Organometallics, Vol: 33, Pages: 1112-1119, ISSN: 1520-6041The synthesis, characterization, and zinc coordination chemistry of the three proligands 2-tert-butyl-4-[tert-butyl (1)/methoxy (2)/nitro (3)]-6-{[(2′-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenol are described. Each of the ligands was reacted with diethylzinc to yield zinc ethyl complexes 4–6; these complexes were subsequently reacted with phenylsilanol to yield zinc siloxide complexes 7–9. Finally, the zinc siloxide complexes were reacted with phenylsilane to produce the three new zinc hydride complexes 10–12. The new complexes 4–12 have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. The structures of the zinc hydride complexes have been probed using VT-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction experiments. These data indicate that the complexes exhibit mononuclear structures at 298 K, both in the solid state and in solution (d8-toluene). At 203 K, the NMR signals broaden, consistent with an equilibrium between the mononuclear and dinuclear bis(μ-hydrido) complexes. All three zinc hydride complexes react rapidly and quantitatively with carbon dioxide, at 298 K and 1 bar of pressure over 20 min, to form the new zinc formate complexes 13–15. The zinc formate complexes have been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and VT-NMR studies, which reveal a temperature-dependent monomer–dimer equilibrium that is dominated by the mononuclear species at 298 K.
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Journal articleChong YJ, Khan A, Scheelbeek P, et al., 2014,
Climate change and salinity in drinking water as a global problem: using remote-sensing methods to monitor surface water salinity
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING, Vol: 35, Pages: 1585-1599, ISSN: 0143-1161- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 6
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Journal articleMasato G, Woollings T, Hoskins BJ, 2014,
Structure and impact of atmospheric blocking over the Euro-Atlantic region in present-day and future simulations
, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 41, Pages: 1051-1058, ISSN: 0094-8276- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 33
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Journal articleTariq F, Yufit V, Kishimoto M, et al., 2014,
Three-dimensional high resolution X-ray imaging and quantification of lithium ion battery mesocarbon microbead anodes
, JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, Vol: 248, Pages: 1014-1020, ISSN: 0378-7753- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 65
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Journal articleAbramavicius V, Vithanage DA, Devizis A, et al., 2014,
Carrier motion in as-spun and annealed P3HT:PCBM blends revealed by ultrafast optical electric field probing and Monte Carlo simulations
, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 16, Pages: 2686-2692, ISSN: 1463-9076 -
Journal articleEminov S, Wilton-Ely JDET, Hallett JP, 2014,
Highly selective and near-quantitative conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using mildly acidic ionic liquids
, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol: 2, Pages: 978-981, ISSN: 2168-0485 -
Journal articleBarndorff-Nielsen OE, Benth FE, Veraart AED, 2014,
Recent advances in ambit stochastics with a view towards tempo-spatial stochastic volatility/intermittency
, Banach Center Publications, Vol: 104, Pages: 25-60 -
Journal articleClaudio AFM, Swift L, Hallett JP, et al., 2014,
Extended scale for the hydrogen-bond basicity of ionic liquids
, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol: 16, Pages: 6593-6601, ISSN: 1463-9084In the past decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have been the focus of intensive research regarding their use as potential and alternative solvents in many chemical applications. Targeting their effectiveness, recent investigations have attempted to establish polarity scales capable of ranking ILs according to their chemical behaviours. However, some major drawbacks have been found since polarity scales only report relative ranks because they depend on the set of probe dyes used, and they are sensitive to measurement conditions, such as purity levels of the ILs and procedures employed. Due to all these difficulties it is of crucial importance to find alternative and/or predictive methods and to evaluate them as a priori approaches capable of providing the chemical properties of ILs. Furthermore, the large number of ILs available makes their experimental characterization, usually achieved by a trial and error methodology, burdensome. In this context, we firstly evaluated COSMO-RS, COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents, as an alternative tool to estimate the hydrogen-bond basicity of ILs. After demonstrating a straight-line correlation between the experimental hydrogen-bond basicity values and the COSMO-RS hydrogen-bonding energies in equimolar cation–anion pairs, an extended scale for the hydrogen-bond accepting ability of IL anions is proposed here. This new ranking of the ILs' chemical properties opens the possibility to pre-screen appropriate ILs (even those not yet synthesized) for a given task or application.
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ReportGreen RJ, Staffell I, 2014,
The Impact of Government Interventions on Investment in the GB Electricity Market
, Brussels, Publisher: European CommissionReport to DG Competition of the European Commission in the State Aid case concerning the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station
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Journal articleBarndorff-Nielsen OE, Lunde A, Shephard N, et al., 2014,
Integer-valued trawl processes: A class of stationary infinitely divisible processes
, Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Vol: 41, Pages: 693-724 -
ReportGranelli A, Veraart AED, 2014,
Modelling the Variance Risk Premium of Equity Indices: The Role of Dependence and Contagion
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Journal articleRomain C, Williams CK, 2014,
Chemoselective Polymerization Control: From Mixed-Monomer Feedstock to Copolymers
, Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, Vol: 53, Pages: 1607-1610, ISSN: 1521-3773 -
Journal articleHjorth P, Madani K, 2014,
Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment: New Challenges Require New Thinking
, JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 140, Pages: 133-135, ISSN: 0733-9496- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 20
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Journal articleVlachopoulou M, Coughlin D, Forrow D, et al., 2014,
The potential of using the Ecosystem Approach in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive
, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 470, Pages: 684-694, ISSN: 0048-9697- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 80
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Book chapterEkins-Daukes NJ, 2014,
III-V Solar Cells
, Solar Cell Materials: Developing Technologies, Editors: Conibeer, Willoughby, Publisher: Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-470-06551-8 -
Journal articleJordan JR, Holland PR, Jenkins A, et al., 2014,
Modeling ice-ocean interaction in ice-shelf crevasses
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, Vol: 119, Pages: 995-1008, ISSN: 2169-9275- Author Web Link
- Open Access Link
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- Citations: 14
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Journal articleRajoo S, Pesiridis A, Martinez-Botas R, 2014,
Novel method to improve engine exhaust energy extraction with active control turbocharger
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH, Vol: 15, Pages: 236-249, ISSN: 1468-0874- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 8
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Journal articleKnott EJ, Bunnefeld N, Huber D, et al., 2014,
The potential impacts of changes in bear hunting policy for hunting organisations in Croatia
, EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH, Vol: 60, Pages: 85-97, ISSN: 1612-4642- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 19
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Journal articleMukherjee S, Kumar P, Hosseini A, et al., 2014,
Comparative Assessment of Gasification Based Coal Power Plants with Various CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Technologies Producing Electricity and Hydrogen
, ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 1028-1040, ISSN: 0887-0624- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 31
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Journal articleSlade R, Bauen A, Gross R, 2014,
Global bioenergy resources
, Nature Climate Change, Vol: 4, Pages: 99-105, ISSN: 1758-678XUsing biomass to provide energy services is a strategically important option for increasing the global uptake of renewable energy. Yet the practicalities of accelerating deployment are mired in controversy over the potential resource conflicts that might occur, particularly over land, water and biodiversity conservation. This calls into question whether policies to promote bioenergy are justified. Here we examine the assumptions on which global bioenergy resource estimates are predicated. We find that there is a disjunct between the evidence that global bioenergy studies can provide and policymakers' desire for estimates that can straightforwardly guide policy targets. We highlight the need for bottom-up assessments informed by empirical studies, experimentation and cross-disciplinary learning to better inform the policy debate.
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