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Conference paperJahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2011,
Forecasting fire growth using an inverse CFD modelling approach in a real-scale fire test
, Pages: 1349-1358, ISSN: 1817-4299The rate of fire growth in a real-scale fire test is estimated using an inverse modelling approach of computational fluid dynamics (FDS v5). Measurements from the fire test are assimilated into the fire model and based on this the parameters of a decoupled fire growth model are estimated. A forecast of the fire development is then made with the estimated parameters. It is shown that a simplified fire growth model can give a robust representation of the underlying physics and that the necessary parameters can be estimated at an acceptable computational cost. The forecasts are shown to accurately predict the fire development. The results are based on a simplified single parameter fire growth model of a well characterized scenario, but the methodology allows for an extension to a more complicated model that would require less previous characterization of the fire scenario. © 2011 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE.
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Conference paperColella F, Rein G, Verda V, et al., 2011,
Time-dependent multiscale simulations of fire emergencies in longitudinally ventilated tunnels
, Pages: 359-372, ISSN: 1817-4299This paper applies a novel and fast multiscale approach to model ventilation flows and fires in tunnels. The complexity and high cost of full CFD models and the inaccuracies of simplistic zone or analytical models are avoided by efficiently combining mono-dimensional (1-D) and CFD (3-D) modeling techniques. The multiscale model couples a 3-D CFD solver with a simple 1-D model allowing for a more rational use of the computational resources. The 1-D network models tunnel regions where the flow is fully developed (far field), and detailed CFD is used where flow conditions require 3-D resolution (near field). The multiscale method has been applied to model steady-state fires and tunnel ventilation systems, including jet fans, vertical shafts and portals, and it is applied here to study the transient flow interactions in a modern tunnel of 7 m diameter section and 1.2 km in length. Different ventilation scenarios are investigated to provide the timing to reach the critical velocity conditions at the seat of the fire and to remove the upstream back layering. The much lower computational cost is of great value, especially for parametric and sensitivity studies required in the design or assessment of real ventilation and fire safety systems. This is the first time that a comprehensive analysis of the transient fire and ventilation flow scenarios in a long tunnel is conducted. © 2011 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE.
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Journal articleBal N, Rein G, 2011,
Numerical investigation of the ignition delay time of a translucent solid at high radiant heat fluxes
, COMBUSTION AND FLAME, Vol: 158, Pages: 1109-1116, ISSN: 0010-2180- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 56
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Journal articleLaw A, Stern-Gottfried J, Gillie M, et al., 2011,
The influence of travelling fires on a concrete frame
, ENGINEERING STRUCTURES, Vol: 33, Pages: 1635-1642, ISSN: 0141-0296- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 44
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Journal articleJahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2011,
<i>A posteriori</i> modelling of the growth phase of Dalmarnock Fire Test One
, BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 46, Pages: 1065-1073, ISSN: 0360-1323- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 26
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Conference paperRein G, 2011,
Wildfires, Fire Science and Fire Safety Engineering
, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 293-294, ISSN: 0015-2684 -
Journal articlePironi P, Switzer C, Gerhard JI, et al., 2011,
Self-Sustaining Smoldering Combustion for NAPL Remediation: Laboratory Evaluation of Process Sensitivity to Key Parameters
, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 45, Pages: 2980-2986, ISSN: 0013-936X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 58
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Journal articleJahn W, Rein G, Torero JL, 2011,
Forecasting fire growth using an inverse zone modelling approach
, FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL, Vol: 46, Pages: 81-88, ISSN: 0379-7112- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 36
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Journal articleCarvel R, Steinhaus T, Rein G, et al., 2011,
Determination of the flammability properties of polymeric materials: A novel method
, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol: 96, Pages: 314-319, ISSN: 0141-3910 -
Journal articleHadden RM, Rein G, 2011,
Small-scale experiments of self-sustaining decomposition of NPK fertilizer and application to events aboard the <i>Ostedijk</i> in 2007
, JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, Vol: 186, Pages: 731-737, ISSN: 0304-3894- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 12
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Journal articleColella F, Rein G, Torero JL, et al., 2011,
A Novel Multiscale Methodology for Simulating Tunnel Ventilation Flows During Fires
, FIRE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 47, Pages: 221-253, ISSN: 0015-2684- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 35
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Book chapterRein G, 2011,
Smoldering Combustion Phenomena and Coal Fires
, COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 1: COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION, Editors: Stracher, Prakash, Sokol, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 307-315- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 16
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Journal articleRogaume T, Valencia LB, Guillaume E, et al., 2011,
DEVELOPMENT OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION MECHANISM OF POLYETHER POLYURETHANE FOAM USING BOTH CONDENSED AND GAS-PHASE RELEASE DATA
, COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 183, Pages: 627-644, ISSN: 0010-2202- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 23
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Book chapterHadden R, Rein G, 2011,
Burning and Water Suppression of Smoldering Coal Fires in Small-Scale Laboratory Experiments
, COAL AND PEAT FIRES: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE, VOL 1: COAL - GEOLOGY AND COMBUSTION, Editors: Stracher, Prakash, Sokol, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 317-326- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 16
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Journal articleBelcher CM, Yearsley JM, Hadden RM, et al., 2010,
Baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems estimated from paleoatmospheric oxygen over the past 350 million years
, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol: 107, Pages: 22448-22453Atmospheric oxygen (O2) is estimated to have varied greatly throughout Earth’s history and has been capable of influencing wildfire activity wherever fuel and ignition sources were present. Fires consume huge quantities of biomass in all ecosystems and play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. This means that understanding the influence of O2 on past fire activity has far-reaching consequences for the evolution of life and Earth’s biodiversity over geological timescales. We have used a strong electrical ignition source to ignite smoldering fires, and we measured their self-sustaining propagation in atmospheres of different oxygen concentrations. These data have been used to build a model that we use to estimate the baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems according to variations in O2 over the past 350 million years (Ma). Our aim is to highlight times in Earth’s history when fire has been capable of influencing the Earth system. We reveal that fire activity would be greatly suppressed below 18.5% O2, entirely switched off below 16% O2, and rapidly enhanced between 19–22% O2. We show that fire activity and, therefore, its influence on the Earth system would have been high during the Carboniferous (350–300 Ma) and Cretaceous (145–65 Ma) periods; intermediate in the Permian (299–251 Ma), Late Triassic (285–201 Ma), and Jurassic (201–145 Ma) periods; and surprisingly low to lacking in the Early–Middle Triassic period between 250–240 Ma. These baseline variations in Earth’s flammability must be factored into our understanding of past vegetation, biodiversity, evolution, and biogeochemical cycles.
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Journal articleColella F, Rein G, Carvel R, et al., 2010,
Analysis of the ventilation systems in the Dartford tunnels using a multi-scale modelling approach
, TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 25, Pages: 423-432, ISSN: 0886-7798- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 30
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Journal articleCowlard A, Jahn W, Abecassis-Empis C, et al., 2010,
Sensor Assisted Fire Fighting
, FIRE TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 46, Pages: 719-741, ISSN: 0015-2684- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 43
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Journal articleStern-Gottfried J, Rein G, Bisby LA, et al., 2010,
Experimental review of the homogeneous temperature assumption in post-flashover compartment fires
, FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL, Vol: 45, Pages: 249-261, ISSN: 0379-7112- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 54
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Journal articleBelcher CM, Mander L, Rein G, et al., 2010,
Increased fire activity at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in Greenland due to climate-driven floral change
, NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol: 3, Pages: 426-429, ISSN: 1752-0894- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 140
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Conference paperJonsdottir AM, Rein G, 2009,
Out of range
, Pages: 14-17, ISSN: 1757-1324A survey and comparison of King's Buildings Campus (KB) and Informatics Forum was undertaken by the University of Edinburgh to review the narrow design fire specifications of the Eurocodes for many new buildings. Twenty-eight of the main buildings in the KB campus were inspected out of which 26 that have one or more enclosures fall outside the applicability of the Eurocode. The rooms/enclosures that were out of range with the Eurocode limitations were atriums open between floors, laboratories or workshops with skylights in the roof, larger lecture theatres where the height was over 4m, and floor areas over 500m2. The Informatics Forum at the University of Edinburgh had an open design that is beyond the range of applicability of traditional design methods. In the Informatics Forum, 8% of the total volume is inside the limitations. The difference in both the buildings could be due to the construction period.
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