@article{2024:1361-6633/ad4b9b,
doi = {1361-6633/ad4b9b},
journal = {Reports on Progress in Physics},
pages = {077801--077801},
title = {Extracting the speed of sound in quark–gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead–lead collisions at the LHC},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b},
volume = {87},
year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>               <jats:p>Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark–gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark–gluon plasma using lead–lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of <jats:inline-formula>                     <jats:tex-math/>                     <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">                        <mml:mrow>                           <mml:mn>0.241</mml:mn>                           <mml:mo>±</mml:mo>                           <mml:mn>0.002</mml:mn>                           <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/>                           <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>                           <mml:mtext>stat</mml:mtext>                           <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>                           <mml:mo>±</mml:mo>                           <mml:mn>0.016</mml:mn>                           <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/>                           <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo>
DO  - 1361-6633/ad4b9b
EP  - 077801
PY  - 2024///
SN  - 0034-4885
SP  - 077801
TI  - Extracting the speed of sound in quark–gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead–lead collisions at the LHC
T2  - Reports on Progress in Physics
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b
VL  - 87
ER  - 

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