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@article{Fenn:2024:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105475,
author = {Fenn, J and Madon, K and Conibear, E and Derelle, R and Nevin, S and Kundu, R and Hakki, S and Tregoning, JS and Koycheva, A and Derqui, N and Tolosa-Wright, M and Jonnerby, J and Wang, L and Baldwin, S and Pillay, TD and Thwaites, RS and Luca, C and Varro, R and Badhan, A and Parker, E and Rosadas, C and McClure, M and Tedder, R and Taylor, G and Lalvani, A and INSTINCT, Study Investigators},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105475},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
title = {An ultra-early, transient interferon-associated innate immune response associates with protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection despite exposure.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105475},
volume = {111},
year = {2024}
}
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TY  - JOUR
AB  - BACKGROUND: A proportion of individuals exposed to respiratory viruses avoid contracting detectable infection. We tested the hypothesis that early innate immune responses associate with resistance to detectable infection in close contacts of COVID-19 cases. METHODS: 48 recently-exposed household contacts of symptomatic COVID-19 cases were recruited in London, UK between May 2020 and March 2021 through a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Blood and nose and throat swabs were collected during the acute period of index case viral shedding and longitudinally thereafter. Magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 exposure was quantified, and serial PCR and serological assays used to determine infection status of contacts. Whole-blood RNA-seq was performed and analysed to identify transcriptomic signatures of early infection and resistance to infection. FINDINGS: 24 highly-exposed household contacts became PCR-positive and seropositive whilst 24 remained persistently PCR-negative and seronegative. A 96-gene transcriptomic signature of early SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified using RNA-seq of longitudinal blood samples from PCR-positive contacts. This signature was dominated by interferon-associated genes and expression correlated positively with viral load. Elevated expression of this 96-gene signature was also observed during exposure in 25% (6/24) of persistently PCR-negative, seronegative contacts. PCR-negative contacts with elevated signature expression had higher-magnitude SARS-CoV-2 exposure compared to those with low signature expression. We validated this signature in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in two independent cohorts. In naturally-exposed healthcare workers (HCWs) we found that 7/58 (12%) PCR-negative HCWs exhibited elevated signature expression. Comparing gene-signature expression in SARS-CoV-2 Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) volunteers pre- and post-inoculation, we observed that 14 signature genes were transiently upregulated as soon as 6 hr post
AU  - Fenn,J
AU  - Madon,K
AU  - Conibear,E
AU  - Derelle,R
AU  - Nevin,S
AU  - Kundu,R
AU  - Hakki,S
AU  - Tregoning,JS
AU  - Koycheva,A
AU  - Derqui,N
AU  - Tolosa-Wright,M
AU  - Jonnerby,J
AU  - Wang,L
AU  - Baldwin,S
AU  - Pillay,TD
AU  - Thwaites,RS
AU  - Luca,C
AU  - Varro,R
AU  - Badhan,A
AU  - Parker,E
AU  - Rosadas,C
AU  - McClure,M
AU  - Tedder,R
AU  - Taylor,G
AU  - Lalvani,A
AU  - INSTINCT,Study Investigators
DO  - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105475
PY  - 2024///
TI  - An ultra-early, transient interferon-associated innate immune response associates with protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection despite exposure.
T2  - EBioMedicine
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105475
UR  - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39667271
VL  - 111
ER  -
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