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  • Conference paper
    Mullish BH, Paizs P, Alexander J, Verigos E, McDonald JAK, Ford L, Maneta-Stavrakaki S, Sani M, Roberts LA, Chrysostomou D, Kinross J, Monaghan T, Marchesi JR, Kao D, Takats Zet al., 2022,

    Intestinal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection restores microbial arylsulfatases and sulfatide degradation: a novel mechanism of efficacy?

    , UEG Week 2022, Pages: 823-823
  • Journal article
    Forlano R, Sivakumar M, Mullish BH, Manousou Pet al., 2022,

    Gut microbiota—a future therapeutic target for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review

    , International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol: 23, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 1422-0067

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease, affecting one-third of the population worldwide. Despite many medications being in the pipeline to treat the condition, there is still no pharmaceutical agent licensed to treat the disease. As intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD, it has been suggested that manipulating the microbiome may represent a therapeutical option. In this review, we summarise the latest evidence supporting the manipulation of the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapy for treating liver disease in patients with NAFLD.

  • Journal article
    Mullish BH, McDonald JAK, Marchesi JR, 2022,

    Mechanisms of efficacy of intestinal microbiota transplant: do not forget the metabolites

    , The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Vol: 7, Pages: 594-594, ISSN: 2468-1253
  • Journal article
    Ghani R, Mullish BH, Davies FJ, Marchesi JRet al., 2022,

    How to adapt an intestinal microbiota transplantation programme to reduce the risk of invasive multidrug-resistant infection

    , Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Vol: 28, Pages: 502-512, ISSN: 1198-743X
  • Journal article
    Fromentin S, Forslund SK, Chechi K, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Chakaroun R, Nielsen T, Tremaroli V, Ji B, Prifti E, Myridakis A, Chilloux J, Andrikopoulos P, Fan Y, Olanipekun MT, Alves R, Adiouch S, Bar N, Talmor-Barkan Y, Belda E, Caesar R, Coelho LP, Falony G, Fellahi S, Galan P, Galleron N, Helft G, Hoyles L, Isnard R, Le Chatelier E, Julienne H, Olsson L, Pedersen HK, Pons N, Quinquis B, Rouault C, Roume H, Salem J-E, Schmidt TSB, Vieira-Silva S, Li P, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Lewinter C, Sondertoft NB, Hansen TH, Gauguier D, Gotze JP, Kober L, Kornowski R, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Zucker J-D, Hercberg S, Letunic I, Backhed F, Oppert J-M, Nielsen J, Raes J, Bork P, Stumvoll M, Segal E, Clement K, Dumas M-E, Ehrlich SD, Pedersen Oet al., 2022,

    Microbiome and metabolome features of the cardiometabolic disease spectrum

    , Nature Medicine, Vol: 28, Pages: 303-+, ISSN: 1078-8956

    Previous microbiome and metabolome analyses exploring non-communicable diseases have paid scant attention to major confounders of study outcomes, such as common, pre-morbid and co-morbid conditions, or polypharmacy. Here, in the context of ischemic heart disease (IHD), we used a study design that recapitulates disease initiation, escalation and response to treatment over time, mirroring a longitudinal study that would otherwise be difficult to perform given the protracted nature of IHD pathogenesis. We recruited 1,241 middle-aged Europeans, including healthy individuals, individuals with dysmetabolic morbidities (obesity and type 2 diabetes) but lacking overt IHD diagnosis and individuals with IHD at three distinct clinical stages—acute coronary syndrome, chronic IHD and IHD with heart failure—and characterized their phenome, gut metagenome and serum and urine metabolome. We found that about 75% of microbiome and metabolome features that distinguish individuals with IHD from healthy individuals after adjustment for effects of medication and lifestyle are present in individuals exhibiting dysmetabolism, suggesting that major alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolome might begin long before clinical onset of IHD. We further categorized microbiome and metabolome signatures related to prodromal dysmetabolism, specific to IHD in general or to each of its three subtypes or related to escalation or de-escalation of IHD. Discriminant analysis based on specific IHD microbiome and metabolome features could better differentiate individuals with IHD from healthy individuals or metabolically matched individuals as compared to the conventional risk markers, pointing to a pathophysiological relevance of these features.

  • Journal article
    Talmor-Barkan Y, Bar N, Shaul AA, Shahaf N, Godneva A, Bussi Y, Lotan-Pompan M, Weinberger A, Shechter A, Chezar-Azerrad C, Arow Z, Hammer Y, Chechi K, Forslund SK, Fromentin S, Dumas M-E, Ehrlich SD, Pedersen O, Kornowski R, Segal Eet al., 2022,

    Metabolomic and microbiome profiling reveals personalized risk factors for coronary artery disease

    , NATURE MEDICINE, Vol: 28, Pages: 295-+, ISSN: 1078-8956
  • Journal article
    Forlano R, Mullish BH, Roberts LA, Thursz MR, Manousou Pet al., 2022,

    The intestinal barrier and its dysfunction in patients with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

    , International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol: 23, ISSN: 1422-0067

    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease worldwide, mirroring the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. As there are still no licensed medications for treating the disease, there is an ongoing effort to elucidate the pathophysiology and to discover new treatment pathways. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated a crosstalk between the gut and the liver, which plays a crucial role in the development and progression of liver disease. Among other intestinal factors, gut permeability represents an interesting factor at the interface of the gut–liver axis. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence from human studies showing the association between increased gut permeability and NAFLD, as well as with type-2 diabetes and obesity. We also discuss the manipulation of the gut permeability as a potential therapeutical target in patients with NAFLD.

  • Journal article
    Biliński J, Winter K, Jasiński M, Szczęś A, Bilinska N, Mullish BH, Małecka-Panas E, Basak GWet al., 2022,

    Rapid resolution of COVID-19 after faecal microbiota transplantation.

    , Gut, Vol: 71, Pages: 230-232
  • Journal article
    Radhakrishnan ST, Alexander JL, Mullish BH, Gallagher KI, Powell N, Hicks LC, Hart AL, Li JV, Marchesi JR, Williams HRTet al., 2022,

    Systematic review: the association between the gut microbiota and medical therapies in inflammatory bowel disease

    , Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol: 55, Pages: 26-48, ISSN: 0269-2813

    <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>The gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitizii</jats:italic> associated with protection, and certain genera (including <jats:italic>Shigella</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Escherichia</jats:italic>) associated with adverse features. The variability of patient response to medical therapies in IBD is incompletely understood. Given the recognised contribution of the microbiota to treatment efficacy in other conditions, there may be interplay between the gut microbiota, IBD medical therapy and IBD phenotype.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims</jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the bidirectional relationship between IBD medical therapies and the gut microbiota.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE. All original studies analysing interactions between the gut microbiota and established IBD medical therapies were included.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>We screened 1296 records; 19 studies were eligible. There was heterogeneity in terms of sample analysis, treatment protocols, and outcome reporting. Increased baseline α‐diversity was observed in responders versus non‐responders treated with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), infliximab, ustekinumab or vedolizumab. Higher baseline <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium</jats:italic> predicted response to infliximab and ustekinumab. A post‐treatment increase in <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</jats:italic> was noted in responders to aminosalicylates, anti‐TNF medications and ustekinumab; conversely, this speci

  • Journal article
    Forslund SK, Chakaroun R, Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M, Marko L, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Nielsen T, Moitinho-Silva L, Schmidt TSB, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Adriouch S, Alves RJ, Assmann K, Bastard J-P, Birkner T, Caesar R, Chilloux J, Coelho LP, Fezeu L, Galleron N, Helft G, Isnard R, Ji B, Kuhn M, Le Chatelier E, Myridakis A, Olsson L, Pons N, Prifti E, Quinquis B, Roume H, Salem J-E, Sokolovska N, Tremaroli V, Valles-Colomer M, Lewinter C, Sondertoft NB, Pedersen HK, Hansen TH, Gotze JP, Kober L, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Zucker J-D, Hercberg S, Oppert J-M, Letunic I, Nielsen J, Backhed F, Ehrlich SD, Dumas M-E, Raes J, Pedersen O, Clement K, Stumvoll M, Bork Pet al., 2021,

    Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug-microbiome associations

    , Nature, Vol: 600, Pages: 500-505, ISSN: 0028-0836

    During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1,2,3,4,5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.

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