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  • Journal article
    Cold JW, Bhui K, MacManus D, Kallis C, Bebbington P, Ullrich Set al., 2016,

    Extremism, religion and psychiatric morbidity in a population-based sample of young men

    , BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 209, Pages: 491-497, ISSN: 0007-1250
  • Journal article
    Coid JW, Ullrich S, Kallis C, Freestone M, Gonzalez R, Bui L, Igoumenou A, Constantinou A, Fenton N, Marsh W, Yang M, DeStavola B, Hu J, Shaw J, Doyle M, Archer-Power L, Davoren M, Osumili B, McCrone P, Barrett K, Hindle D, Bebbington Pet al., 2016,

    Improving risk management for violence in mental health services: a multimethods approach

    , Programme Grants for Applied Research, Vol: 4, Pages: 1-408, ISSN: 2050-4322

    <jats:sec id="abs1-1"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Mental health professionals increasingly carry out risk assessments to prevent future violence by their patients. However, there are problems with accuracy and these assessments do not always translate into successful risk management.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="abs1-2"><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to improve the accuracy of assessment and identify risk factors that are causal to be targeted by clinicians to ensure good risk management. Our objectives were to investigate key risks at the population level, construct new static and dynamic instruments, test validity and construct new models of risk management using Bayesian networks.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="abs1-3"><jats:title>Methods and results</jats:title><jats:p>We utilised existing data sets from two national and commissioned a survey to identify risk factors at the population level. We confirmed that certain mental health factors previously thought to convey risk were important in future assessments and excluded others from subsequent parts of the study. Using a first-episode psychosis cohort, we constructed a risk assessment instrument for men and women and showed important sex differences in pathways to violence. We included a 1-year follow-up of patients discharged from medium secure services and validated a previously developed risk assessment guide, the Medium Security Recidivism Assessment Guide (MSRAG). We found that it is essential to combine ratings from static instruments such as the MSRAG with dynamic risk factors. Static levels of risk have important modifying effects on dynamic risk factors for their effects on violence and we further demonstrated this using a sample of released prisoners to construct risk assessment instruments for violence, robbery, drugs and acquisitive
  • Journal article
    Gonzalez RA, Igoumenou A, Kallis C, Coid JWet al., 2016,

    Borderline personality disorder and violence in the UK population: categorical and dimensional trait assessment

    , BMC Psychiatry, Vol: 16, ISSN: 1471-244X
  • Journal article
    Gonzalez RA, Kallis C, Ullrich S, Barnicot K, Keers R, Coid JWet al., 2016,

    Childhood maltreatment and violence: Mediation through psychiatric morbidity

    , Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol: 52, Pages: 70-84, ISSN: 0145-2134

    Childhood maltreatment is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in adulthood including poor mental health and violence. We investigated direct and indirect pathways from childhood maltreatment to adult violence perpetration and the explanatory role of psychiatric morbidity. Analyses were based on a population survey of 2,928 young men 21–34 years in Great Britain in 2011, with boost surveys of black and minority ethnic groups and lower social grades. Respondents completed questionnaires measuring psychiatric diagnoses using standardized screening instruments, including antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), drug and alcohol dependence and psychosis. Maltreatment exposures included childhood physical abuse, neglect, witnessing domestic violence and being bullied. Adult violence outcomes included: any violence, violence toward strangers and intimate partners (IPV), victim injury and minor violence. Witnessing domestic violence showed the strongest risk for adult violence (AOR 2.70, 95% CI 2.00, 3.65) through a direct pathway, with psychotic symptoms and ASPD as partial mediators. Childhood physical abuse was associated with IPV (AOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.25, 4.35), mediated by ASPD and alcohol dependence. Neglect was associated with violence toward strangers (AOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03, 2.91), mediated by ASPD. Prevention of violence in adulthood following childhood physical abuse and neglect requires treatment interventions for associated alcohol dependence, psychosis, and ASPD. However, witnessing family violence in childhood had strongest and direct effects on the pathway to adult violence, with important implications for primary prevention. In this context, prevention strategies should prioritize and focus on early childhood exposure to violence in the family home.
  • Journal article
    Bhui K, Ullrich S, Kallis C, Coid JWet al., 2015,

    Criminal justice pathways to psychiatric care for psychosis

    , BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 207, Pages: 523-529, ISSN: 0007-1250
  • Journal article
    Coid JW, Kallis C, Doyle M, Shaw J, Ullrich Set al., 2015,

    Identifying Causal Risk Factors for Violence among Discharged Patients

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Journal article
    Igoumenou A, Kallis C, Coid J, 2015,

    Treatment of psychosis in prisons and violent recidivism

    , BJPSYCH OPEN, Vol: 1, Pages: 149-157, ISSN: 2056-4724
  • Journal article
    Doyle M, Coid J, Archer-Power L, Dewa L, Hunter-Didrichsen A, Stevenson R, Wainwright V, Kallis C, Ullrich S, Shaw Jet al., 2014,

    Discharges to prison from medium secure psychiatric units in England and Wales

    , BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, Vol: 205, Pages: 177-182, ISSN: 0007-1250
  • Journal article
    Kallis C, Bui L, Yang M, Coid JWet al., 2014,

    Static screening instruments for risk of minor and major violence

    , JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY & PSYCHOLOGY, Vol: 25, Pages: 397-410, ISSN: 1478-9949
  • Journal article
    Mallik S, Kallis C, Lunn MPT, Smith AGet al., 2014,

    Gangliosides for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

    , Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol: 2014

    This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of treatment with gangliosides in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

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