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Journal articleXu L, Yu X, Favier CD, et al., 2024,
Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats
, Defence Technology, Vol: 34, Pages: 168-176, ISSN: 2214-9147Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage, which occurs in 65% of military casualties with blast-associated amputations. However, the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclear. Animal models are used to study blast-induced HO, but developing such models is challenging, particularly in how to use a pure blast wave (primary blast) to induce limb fracture that then requires an amputation. Several studies, including our recent study, have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact loading. However, these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the model. In this study, we developed an improved platform, aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast only. The platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's body. We obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia (location and pattern) in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and weight. Importantly, the rats did not obviously move during the test, where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled injury. We further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the platform. These factors, such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed, significantly affect the resulting injury. This platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave, which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone, excluding secondary and tertiary blast injury. In addition, the platform design and the findings presented here, particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal, have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries, such as blast induced br
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Journal articleDowhan GV, Shah AP, Sporer BJ, et al., 2024,
High-magnification Faraday rotation imaging and analysis of X-pinch implosion dynamics
, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, Vol: 95, ISSN: 0034-6748 -
Journal articleRead J, Burdiak G, Bland SN, et al., 2024,
Point projection radiography of electromagnetically accelerated flyer plates with an external X-pinch driver (vol 95, 023508, 2024)
, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, Vol: 95, ISSN: 0034-6748 -
Journal articleRead J, Burdiak G, Bland SN, et al., 2024,
Point projection radiography of electromagnetically accelerated flyer plates with an external X-pinch driver
, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, Vol: 95, ISSN: 0034-6748 -
Journal articleMaler D, Belozerov O, Godinger A, et al., 2024,
Multi frame radiography of supersonic water jets interacting with a foil target
, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol: 135, ISSN: 0021-8979Pulsed-power-driven underwater electrical explosion of cylindrical or conical wire arrays produces supersonic water jets that emerge from a bath, propagating through the air above it. Interaction of these jets with solid targets may represent a new platform for attaining materials at high pressure (>1010 Pa) conditions in a university-scale laboratory. However, measurements of the internal structure of such jets and how they interact with targets are difficult optically due to large densities and density contrasts involved. We utilized multi-frame x-ray radiographic imaging capabilities of the ID19 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility to explore the water jet and its interaction with a 50 μm thick copper foil placed a few mm from the surface of water. The jet was generated with a ∼130 kA-amplitude current pulse of ∼450 ns rise time applied to a conical wire array. X-ray imaging revealed a droplet-type structure of the jet with an average density of <400 kg/m3 propagating with a velocity of ∼1400 m/s. Measurements of deformation and subsequent perforation of the target by the jet suggested pressures at the jet–target interface of ∼5 × 109 Pa. The results were compared to hydrodynamic simulations for better understanding of the jet parameters and their interaction with the foil target. These results can be used in future research to optimize the platform, and extend it to larger jet velocities in the case of higher driving currents supplied to the wire array.
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Journal articleRack A, Lukić B, Chapman DJ, et al., 2024,
Dynamic loading platforms coupled to ultra-high speed X-ray imaging at beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron ESRF
, High Pressure Research, Vol: 44, Pages: 400-417, ISSN: 0895-7959The intersection of dynamic compression, high-rate material response and X-ray science has seen rapid growth, leading to the establishment of specialized end-stations at international facilities such as Linac Coherent Light Source LCLS (Matter at Extreme Conditions–MEC) and Advanced Photon Source APS (Dynamic Compression Sector–DCS), both USA. Although these facilities excel in working with X-rays tailored for small material volumes (i.e. (Formula presented.)), it needs a different approach to delve into subsequent processes. This is particularly the case in the transition from the micro- to mesoscale: here the ESRF distinguishes itself. The large beam size (several cm2) of the ID19 beamline, in conjunction with a strong high energy component, source flux density, and outstanding imaging sensitivity, enables sub-surface visualization of engineering-scale structures as well as natural systems in representative volume, under high rate and shock. This is particularly valuable when studying materials with complex mesostructures and heterogeneities on relevant volumetric scales, which often dominate the dynamic material response. The study of the behavior of materials under dynamic loading presents a unique challenge due to inherently spanning over multiple lengths- and timescales. The evolution of sudden (thermo)mechanical excitation, starting from the lattice scale and progressing through grains, phase domains, and ultimately to structures, exhibits a spectrum of responses spanning from the microscopic to bulk length scales. Consequently, a diverse range of diagnostics as well as driver instrumentation is required to identify, study, and characterize this material response spectrum. This article shall introduce platforms available at beamline ID19 and underline their potential by selected showcase applications. Community access proposals such as the beamtime Block Allocation Group (BAG) allow for access in a routine manner.
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Journal articlePachman J, Chapman DJ, Foglar M, et al., 2024,
Shock response of concrete, fibre concrete and ultrahigh performance concrete
, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING, Vol: 183, ISSN: 0734-743X -
Journal articleGusev AI, Lavrinovich I, Bland S, et al., 2023,
New SOS diode pumping circuit based on an all-solid-state spiral generator for high-voltage nanosecond applications
, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol: 51, Pages: 2858-2856, ISSN: 0093-3813Semiconductor opening switch (SOS) diodes are capable to switch currents with a density of more than 1 kA/cm 2 and withstand nanosecond pulses with an amplitude of up to 1 MV. SOS diodes, however, require a specific pumping circuit that must simultaneously provide forward and reverse pumping currents with a time of ∼ 500 and ∼ 100 ns, respectively. Such a pumping circuit with energies > 1 J typically requires a gas-discharge switch or a low-efficient solid-state solution. This study proposes a novel approach to pumping SOS diodes based on a spiral generator (SG) (also known as a vector inversion generator). Due to its wave characteristics, the SG produces a bipolar current discharge that meets the time duration and current amplitude required to pump an SOS diode. Moreover, the initial pulse from the spiral typically has a relatively low current amplitude compared to the opposite polarity secondary pulse, so the SOS diode can operate at very high efficiencies. This idea has been tested using an all-solid-state SG coupled with large-area SOS diodes (1 cm 2 ). With this combination, a voltage pulse of 62 kV having a rise time of only 11 ns was obtained on an open circuit load (3 pF, 1 M Ω ). The experiments were highly repeatable, with no damage to the components despite multiple tests. There is significant scope to further improve the results, with simple alterations to the SG.
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Journal articleBailie D, White S, Irwin R, et al., 2023,
K-Edge Structure in Shock-Compressed Chlorinated Parylene
, ATOMS, Vol: 11 -
Journal articleDatta R, Angel J, Greenly JB, et al., 2023,
Plasma flows during the ablation stage of an over-massed pulsed-power-driven exploding planar wire array
, PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, Vol: 30, ISSN: 1070-664X -
Journal articleLee JJ, Mohammed AA, Pullen A, et al., 2023,
Mechanical characterisation of 3D printed lightweight lattice structures with varying internal design alterations
, MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 36 -
Journal articleWahler S, Klapoetke TM, Proud WG, 2023,
Testing open-source tools for optical chemical structure recognition on novel nitrogen-rich energetic materials
, JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS, ISSN: 0737-0652 -
Journal articleTsukada H, Nguyen T-TN, Breeze J, et al., 2023,
The risk of fragment penetrating injury to the heart
, Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol: 141, Pages: 1-6, ISSN: 1751-6161Injury due to the penetration of fragments into parts of the body has been the major cause of morbidity and mortality after an explosion. Penetrating injuries into the heart present very high mortality, yet the risk associated with such injuries has not been quantified. Quantifying this risk is key in the design of personal protection and the design of infrastructure.This study is the first quantitative assessment of cardiac penetrating injuries from energised fragments. Typical fragments (5-mm sphere, 0.78-g right-circular cylinder and 1.1-g chisel-nosed cylinder) were accelerated to a range of target striking velocities using a bespoke gas-gun system and impacted ventricular and atrial walls of lamb hearts. The severity of injury was shown to not depend on location (ventricular or atrial wall). The striking velocity with 50% probability of critical injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 5 score) ranged between 31 and 36 m/s across all 3 fragments used. These findings can help directly in reducing morbidity and mortality from explosive events as they can be implemented readily into models that aim to predict casualties in an explosive event, inform protocols for first responders, and improve design of infrastructure and personal protective equipment.
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Journal articleStrucka J, Lukic B, Koerner M, et al., 2023,
Synchrotron radiography of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability driven by exploding wire arrays
, Physics of Fluids, Vol: 35, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 1070-6631We present a new technique for the investigation of shock-driven hydrodynamic phenomena in gases, liquids, and solids in arbitrary geometries. The technique consists of a pulsed power-driven resistive wire array explosion in combination with multi-MHz synchrotron radiography. Compared to commonly used techniques, it offers multiple advantages: (1) the shockwave geometry can be shaped to the requirements of the experiment, (2) the pressure (P > 300 MPa) generated by the exploding wires enables the use of liquid and solid hydrodynamic targets with well-characterized initial conditions (ICs), (3) the multi-MHz radiography enables data acquisition to occur within a single experiment, eliminating uncertainties regarding repeatability of the ICs and subsequent dynamics, and (4) the radiographic measurements enable estimation of compression ratios from the x-ray attenuation. In addition, the use of a synchrotron x-ray source allows the hydrodynamic samples to be volumetrically characterized at a high spatial resolution with synchrotron-based microtomography. This experimental technique is demonstrated by performing a planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) experiment on an aerogel–water interface characterized by Atwood number A 0 ∼ − 0.8 and Mach number M ∼ 1.5. The qualitative and quantitative features of the experiment are discussed, including the energy deposition into the exploding wires, shockwave generation, compression of the interface, startup phase of the instability, and asymptotic growth consistent with Richtmyer's impulsive theory. Additional effects unique to liquids and solids—such as cavitation bubbles caused by rarefaction flows or initial jetting due to small perturbations—are observed. It is also demonstrated that the technique is not shape dependent by driving a cylindrically convergent RMI experiment.
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Conference paperMundy T, Bland S, Lebedev S, et al., 2023,
Novel Experiment for Scaled Power Flow Studies Towards Next-Generation Pulsed Power
, ISSN: 2158-4915In order to develop a better understanding of current losses in the magnetically insulated region of high-power pulsed power machines, it is crucial to be able to conduct experiments at scale in smaller facilities. Here, we present a novel experiment that has been tested on the MAGPIE driver at Imperial College. The targets are inexpensive and easy to customize for experiments ranging from power flow to warm dense matter. Simulations in COMSOL indicated electric fields of up to 600 MV/m and magnetic fields of up to 300 T could be produced on MAGPIE. In initial testing, Electric fields exceeding 100 MV/m and magnetic fields exceeding 50 T were generated, and both magnetically insulated transmission and plasma-shorted transmission were demonstrated.
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Journal articleRankin IA, Nguyen T-TN, McMenemy L, et al., 2022,
Protective clothing reduces lower limb injury severity against propelled sand debris in a laboratory setting
, Human Factors and Mechanical Engineering for Defense and Safety, Vol: 6, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 2509-8004The contribution of energised environmental debris to injury patterns of the blast casualty is not known. The extent to which personal protective equipment (PPE) limits the injuries sustained by energised environmental debris following an explosive event is also not known. In this study, a cadaveric model exposed to a gas-gun mediated sand blast was utilised which reproduced soft-tissue injuries representative of those seen clinically following blast. Mean sand velocity across experiments was 506 ± 80 ms−1. Cadaveric samples wearing standard-issue PPE were shown to have a reduced injury severity to sand blast compared to control: a statistically significant reduction was seen in the total surface area (143 mm2 vs. 658 mm2, p = 0.004) and depth of injuries (0 vs. 23 deep injuries, odds ratio = 0.0074, 95% confidence intervals 0.0004–0.1379). This study is the first to recreate wounds from propelled sand in a human cadaveric model. These findings implicate environmental debris, such as sand ejected from a blast event, as a critical mechanism of injury in the blast casualty. Tier 1 pelvic PPE was shown to reduce markedly the severity of injury. This injury mechanism should be a key focus of future research and mitigation strategies.
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Journal articleNguyen T-TN, Tsukada H, Breeze J, et al., 2022,
The critical role of a backing material in assessing the performance of soft ballistic protection
, Human Factors and Mechanical Engineering for Defense and Safety, Vol: 6, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2509-8004Penetrating trauma by energised fragments is the most common injury from an explosive event. Fragment penetrations to the truncal region can result in lethal haemorrhage. Personal armour is used to mitigate ballistic threats; it comprises hard armour to protect from high-velocity bullets and soft armour to protect against energised fragments and other ballistic threats (such as from a hand gun) with low impact velocities. Current testing standards for soft armour do not focus on realistic boundary conditions, and a backing material is not always recommended. This study provides a comprehensive set of evidence to support the inclusion of a backing used in testing of soft body armour. Experiments were performed with a gas-gun system using fragment-simulating projectiles (FSPs) of different shapes and sizes to impact on a woven aramid and a knitted high-performance polyethylene ballistic fabric, with and without the ballistic gelatine soft tissue simulant as the backing material. The results showed statistically significant differences in the impact velocities at 50% risk (V50) of fabric perforation across all test configurations when the gelatine backing was used. Furthermore, the backing material enabled the collection of injury-related metrics such as V50 of tissue-simulant penetrations as well as depth of penetration against impact velocity. The normalised energy absorbed by the fabric could also be calculated when the backing material was present. This study confirms that a backing material is essential, particularly when assessing the performance of single layer fabrics against FSPs of low mass. It also demonstrates the additional benefits provided by the backing for predicting injury outcomes.
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Journal articleLavrinovich I, Gusev AI, Bland S, et al., 2022,
2-kV thyristor triggered in impact-ionization wave mode by a solid-state spiral generator
, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol: 50, Pages: 3443-3451, ISSN: 0093-3813Impact-ionization wave triggering of a thyristor enables it to switch significantly higher currents with much faster rise times ( dI/dt ) than through conventional triggering; indeed tests on commercial components demonstrate that both current and dI/dt can be increased an order of magnitude over their specified datasheet values by utilizing impact ionization. However, creating an impact ionization wave places stringent requirements on the generator used to trigger the thyristor—particularly the trigger pulse must have a voltage rise rate ( dV/dt ) of more than 1 kV/ns and an amplitude over twice the thyristors static breakdown voltage. Given the capacitance of a thyristor is relatively large, often hundreds of pF, this is difficult to achieve with many common triggering methods. In this study, we present a bespoke, cost-effective, trigger generator that has been developed based on spiral/vector inversion techniques coupled to an optimized sharpening circuit. Using this generator, both a 2-kV single thyristor and a 4-kV stack of two thyristors in series were triggered in the impact-ionization mode. The thyristors had a wafer diameter of 32 mm and capacitances of 370 pF. With a single thyristor 100 shots were performed with it switching a peak current of 1.25 kA and an associated dI/dt of 12 kA/ μs . With two thyristors, peak currents of 2.6 kA and with dI/dt of 25 kA/ μs were achieved. In all experiments no degradation of the semiconductor structure was observed. The work opens the way for developing very powerful, but still compact, solid-state trigger generators and larger pulsers for a wide range of pulsed power applications.
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Journal articleYu X, Nguyen T, Wu T, et al., 2022,
Non-lethal blasts can generate cavitation in cerebrospinal fluid while severe helmeted impacts cannot: a novel mechanism for blast brain injury
, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2296-4185Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cavitation is a likely physical mechanism for producing traumatic brain injury (TBI) under mechanical loading. In this study, we investigated CSF cavitation under blasts and helmeted impacts which represented loadings in battlefield and road traffic/sports collisions. We first predicted the human head response under the blasts and impacts using computational modelling and found that the blasts can produce much lower negative pressure at the contrecoup CSF region than the impacts. Further analysis showed that the pressure waves transmitting through the skull and soft tissue are responsible for producing the negative pressure at the contrecoup region. Based on this mechanism, we hypothesised that blast, and not impact, can produce CSF cavitation. To test this hypothesis, we developed a one-dimensional simplified surrogate model of the head and exposed it to both blasts and impacts. The test results confirmed the hypothesis and computational modelling of the tests validated the proposed mechanism. These findings have important implications for prevention and diagnosis of blast TBI.
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Journal articleMaler D, Efimov S, Liverts M, et al., 2022,
Peculiarities of planar shockwave interaction with air-water interface and solid target
, PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, Vol: 29, ISSN: 1070-664X- Author Web Link
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Journal articleHalliday JWD, Crilly A, Chittenden J, et al., 2022,
Investigating radiatively driven, magnetized plasmas with a university scale pulsed-power generator
, Physics of Plasmas, Vol: 29, Pages: 1-13, ISSN: 1070-664XWe present first results from a novel experimental platform which is able toaccess physics relevant to topics including indirect-drive magnetised ICF;laser energy deposition; various topics in atomic physics; and laboratoryastrophysics (for example the penetration of B-fields into HED plasmas). Thisplatform uses the X-Rays from a wire array Z-Pinch to irradiate a silicontarget, producing an outflow of ablated plasma. The ablated plasma expands intoambient, dynamically significant B-fields (~5 T) which are supported by thecurrent flowing through the Z-Pinch. The outflows have a well-defined(quasi-1D) morphology, enabling the study of fundamental processes typicallyonly available in more complex, integrated schemes. Experiments were fielded onthe MAGPIE pulsed-power generator (1.4 MA, 240 ns rise time). On this machine awire array Z-Pinch produces an X-Ray pulse carrying a total energy of ~15 kJover ~30 ns. This equates to an average brightness temperature of around 10 eVon-target.
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Conference paperTsukada H, Nguyen TTN, Breeze J, et al., 2022,
Fragment penetration into the heart: initial findings
, IRCOBI 2021, Pages: 789-790Explosive devices have been a significant cause of injury in terrorist attacks and in conflict. The mainmechanism of the resulting injury is due to fragments energised by the blast wave; these fragments have beenfound across different regions of the human body [1]. Injuries with high severity to the torso have been recordedin suicide bombings against civilians [2-3], whereas this body region is largely protected in military personnel.Predicting the probability of severe penetrating injuries is essential for improving emergency response,medical services, and the design of large infrastructure in order to minimise the number of casualties and improvetheir treatment alike. One way of predicting the penetrating injuries is to use human tissue surrogates. Currently,tissue surrogates such as ballistic gelatine at 10% and 20% concentration are widely used to replicate penetratinginjuries to soft tissues. These have been shown to replicate penetrating injuries in porcine muscle [4]. There areno tissue surrogates, however, which have been shown to allow for quantifying the probability of penetratinginjuries to the vital organs of the torso. This study aims to quantify the risk of severe injury to cardiac tissue anddetermine a biofidelic tissue surrogate for it.
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Journal articleNguyen TT, Breeze J, Masouros S, 2022,
Penetration of Energised Metal Fragments to Porcine Thoracic Tissues
, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, ISSN: 0148-0731Energised fragments from explosive devices have been the most common mechanism of injury to both military personnel and civilians in recent conflicts and terrorist attacks. Fragments that penetrate into the thoracic cavity are strongly associated with death due to the inherent vulnerability of the underlying structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of fragment-simulating projectiles (FSPs) to tissues of the thorax in order to identify the thresholds of impact velocity for perforation through these tissues and the resultant residual velocity of the FSPs. A gas-gun system was used to launch 0.78-g cylindrical and 1.13-g spherical FSPs at intact porcine thoracic tissues from different impact locations. The sternum and rib bones were the most resistant to perforation, followed by the scapula and intercostal muscle. For both FSPs, residual velocity following perforation was linearly proportional to impact velocity. These findings can be used in the development of numerical tools for predicting the medical outcome of explosive events, which in turn can inform the design of public infrastructure, of personal protection, and of medical emergency response.
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Conference paperBott-Suzuki S, Banasek JT, Cordaro S, et al., 2022,
Developments in Long-Risetime Pulsed Power Research at UC San Diego
, ISSN: 0730-9244We present construction and initial plasma experiments on a newly developed pulsed power generator at UC San Diego. The generator comprises 6 × 3.4uF capacitors in parallel which are individually switched into a simple radial feed and vacuum section. A charge voltage of 50kV means operation of the entire device can take place in air at atmospheric pressure, simplifying both construction and operation. 4-channel trigatron-style switches are triggered using a novel spiralswound transformer developed at Imperial College London. PSpice circuit models project peak currents of ∼750kA in a 1.2ms risetime, and comparisons to short circuit and load data will be presented.
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Conference paperBland SN, Theocharous S, Chittenden J, et al., 2022,
Target Compression from Shock Waves Driven in Insulators by Wire Explosion
, ISSN: 0730-9244We explore the production of highly uniform, initially planar shockwaves in water and other insulators by the pulsed power driven explosion of wire arrays. The shockwaves are then either directly interacted with small, low density spherical targets or focused via shaped reflectors onto these targets to increase the drive pressures.
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Journal articleStrucka J, Halliday JWD, Gheorghiu T, et al., 2022,
A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter
, Matter and Radiation at Extremes, Vol: 7, Pages: 1-11, ISSN: 2468-080XWe describe the design and x-ray emission properties (temporal, spatial, and spectral) of Dry Pinch I, a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College London. Dry Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device, 300 × 300 × 700 mm3 in size and ∼50 kg in mass, that can be used as an external driver for x-ray diagnostics in high-energy-density physics experiments. Among key findings, the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1 ± 0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple ∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 keV. The average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10 ± 4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current diagnostics. The spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches—suggesting a spot size of 10 ± 6 µm in the soft energy region (1–10 keV) and 190 ± 100 µm in the hard energy region (>10 keV). These characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not available. At the same time, this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.
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Conference paperStrucka J, Yanuka D, Theocharous S, et al., 2022,
Direct Observation of Multimode Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Seeded by Electrothermal Instability in Dielectrically Tamped Exploding Wires
, ISSN: 0730-9244We report on results from an experiment conducted at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Microtomography Beamline investigating the use of conductors submerged underwater and vaporised by high current densities ∼1012 A/m2 to seed plasma instabilities.
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Conference paperHalliday JWD, Crilly A, Chittenden J, et al., 2022,
An Experimental Study of Magnetic Flux Penetration in Radiatively Driven Plasma Flows
, ISSN: 0730-9244In this talk we present measurements from a novel platform in which the X-Rays from a wire-array Z-Pinch irradiate a silicon target, producing an outflow of ablated silicon plasma. This ablated plasma expands into ambient, dynamically significant magnetic fields (B ∼ 5 T) which are supported by the current flowing through the Z-Pinch.
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Conference paperFox MFJ, Bland S, Mangles SPD, et al., 2022,
Expectations of how student views on experimental physics develop during an undergraduate degree
, Physics Education Research Conference (PERC), Publisher: AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS, Pages: 182-187, ISSN: 2377-2379 -
Journal articleHalliday JWD, Bland SN, Hare JD, et al., 2021,
A time-resolved imaging system for the diagnosis of x-ray self-emission in high energy density physics experiments
, Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol: 92, Pages: 123507-123507, ISSN: 0034-6748A diagnostic capable of recording spatially and temporally resolved x-ray self-emission data was developed to characterize experiments on the MAGPIE pulsed-power generator. The diagnostic used two separate imaging systems: a pinhole imaging system with two-dimensional spatial resolution and a slit imaging system with one-dimensional spatial resolution. The two-dimensional imaging system imaged light onto the image plate. The one-dimensional imaging system imaged light onto the same piece of image plate and a linear array of silicon photodiodes. This design allowed the cross-comparison of different images, allowing a picture of the spatial and temporal distribution of x-ray self-emission to be established. The design was tested in a series of pulsed-power-driven magnetic-reconnection experiments.
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