@article{Nemecek:2020:1538-4357/ab65f7,
author = {Nemecek, Z and Durovcova, T and Safrankova, J and Nemec, F and Matteini, L and Stansby, D and Janitzek, N and Berger, L and Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF},
doi = {1538-4357/ab65f7},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics},
pages = {1--14},
title = {What is the solar wind frame of reference?},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab65f7},
volume = {889},
year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Various solar wind ion species move with different speeds and theoretical considerations as well as limited observations in a region close to the Sun show that heavy solar wind ions tend to flow faster than protons, at least in less-aged fast solar wind streams. The solar wind flow carries the frozen-in interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and this situation evokes three related questions: (i) what is the proper solar wind speed, (ii) is this speed equal to the speed of the dominant component, whatever that may be, and (iii) what is the speed of the magnetic field? We show that simple theoretical considerations based on the MHD approximation as well as on the dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields suggest that the IMF velocity of motion (de Hoffmann–Teller (HT) velocity) would be deliberated as the velocity appropriate for solar wind studies. Our analysis based on the Wind, Helios, ACE, and SOHO observations of differential streaming of solar wind populations shows that their energy is conserved in the HT frame. On the other hand, the noise and temporal resolution of the data do not allow us to decide whether the total momentum is also conserved in this frame.
AU  - Nemecek,Z
AU  - Durovcova,T
AU  - Safrankova,J
AU  - Nemec,F
AU  - Matteini,L
AU  - Stansby,D
AU  - Janitzek,N
AU  - Berger,L
AU  - Wimmer-Schweingruber,RF
DO  - 1538-4357/ab65f7
EP  - 14
PY  - 2020///
SN  - 0004-637X
SP  - 1
TI  - What is the solar wind frame of reference?
T2  - The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab65f7
UR  - http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000537753200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
UR  - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab65f7
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/80572
VL  - 889
ER  - 

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