@article{Liou:2021:10.1029/2020JA028264,
author = {Liou, K and Paranicas, C and Vines, S and Kollmann, P and Allen, R and Clark, G and Mitchell, D and Jackman, C and Masters, A and Achilleos, N and Roussos, E and Krupp, N},
doi = {10.1029/2020JA028264},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics},
title = {Dawn-dusk asymmetry in energetic (>20 keV) particles adjacent to Saturn's magnetopause},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028264},
volume = {126},
year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Energetic particles (>∼25 keV) have been observed routinely in the terrestrial magnetosheath, but have not been well studied at the magnetosheaths of the outer planets. Here we analyze energetic electrons and ions (mostly protons) in the vicinity (±1 RS) of Saturn's magnetopause, using particle data acquired with the lowenergy magnetosphere measurements system, one of the three sensors of the magnetosphere imaging instrument on board the Cassini spacecraft, during a period of ∼14 years (2004–2017). It is found that energetic particles, especially ions, are also common in Saturn's magnetosheath. A clear inward (toward Saturn) gradient in the electron differential flux is identified, suggestive of magnetospheric sources. Such an inward gradient does not appear in some of the ion channels. We conclude that Saturn's magnetopause acts as a porous barrier for energetic electrons and, to a lesser extent, for energetic ions. A dawndusk asymmetry in the gradient of particle flux across the magnetopause is also identified, with a gradual decrease at the dawn and a sharp decrease at the dusk magnetopause. It is also found that magnetic reconnection enhanced flux levels just outside of the magnetopause, with evidence suggesting that these particles are from magnetospheric sources. These findings strongly suggest that Saturn's magnetosphere is most likely the main source of energetic particles in Saturn's magnetosheath and magnetosphere leakage is an important process responsible for the presence of the energetic particles in Saturn's magnetosheath.
AU  - Liou,K
AU  - Paranicas,C
AU  - Vines,S
AU  - Kollmann,P
AU  - Allen,R
AU  - Clark,G
AU  - Mitchell,D
AU  - Jackman,C
AU  - Masters,A
AU  - Achilleos,N
AU  - Roussos,E
AU  - Krupp,N
DO  - 10.1029/2020JA028264
PY  - 2021///
SN  - 2169-9380
TI  - Dawn-dusk asymmetry in energetic (>20 keV) particles adjacent to Saturn's magnetopause
T2  - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028264
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/86101
VL  - 126
ER  - 

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