@article{Opgenoorth:2024:10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.016,
author = {Opgenoorth, HJ and Robinson, R and Ngwira, CM and Garcia, Sage K and Kuznetsova, M and El, Alaoui M and Boteler, D and Gannon, J and Weygand, J and Merkin, V and Nykyri, K and Kosar, B and Welling, D and Eastwood, J and Eggington, J and Heyns, M and Kaggwa, Kwagala N and Sur, D and Gjerloev, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.016},
journal = {Advances in Space Research},
title = {Earth’s geomagnetic environment—progress and gaps in understanding, prediction, and impacts},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.016},
year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
AB  - Understanding of Earth’s geomagnetic environment is critical to mitigating the space weather impacts caused by disruptive geoelectric fields in power lines and other conductors on Earth’s surface. These impacts are the result of a chain of processes driven by the solar wind and linking Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere and Earth’s surface. Tremendous progress has been made over the last two decades in understanding the solar wind driving mechanisms, the coupling mechanisms connecting the magnetically controlled regions of near-Earth space, and the impacts of these collective processes on human technologies on Earth’s surface. Studies of solar wind drivers have been focused on understanding the responses of the geomagnetic environment to spatial and temporal variations in the solar wind associated with Coronal Mass Ejections, Corotating Interaction Regions, Interplanetary Shocks, High-Speed Streams, and other interplanetary magnetic field structures. Increasingly sophisticated numerical models are able to simulate the magnetospheric response to the solar wind forcing associated with these structures. Magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling remains a great challenge, although new observations and sophisticated models that can assimilate disparate data sets have improved the ability to specify the electrodynamic properties of the high latitude ionosphere. The temporal and spatial resolution needed to predict the electric fields, conductivities, and currents in the ionosphere is driving the need for further advances. These parameters are intricately tied to auroral phenomena—energy deposition due to Joule heating and precipitating particles, motions of the auroral boundary, and ion outflow. A new view of these auroral processes is emerging that focuses on small-scale structures in the magnetosphere and their ionospheric effects, which may include the rapid variations in current associated with geomagnetically indu
AU  - Opgenoorth,HJ
AU  - Robinson,R
AU  - Ngwira,CM
AU  - Garcia,Sage K
AU  - Kuznetsova,M
AU  - El,Alaoui M
AU  - Boteler,D
AU  - Gannon,J
AU  - Weygand,J
AU  - Merkin,V
AU  - Nykyri,K
AU  - Kosar,B
AU  - Welling,D
AU  - Eastwood,J
AU  - Eggington,J
AU  - Heyns,M
AU  - Kaggwa,Kwagala N
AU  - Sur,D
AU  - Gjerloev,J
DO  - 10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.016
PY  - 2024///
SN  - 0273-1177
TI  - Earth’s geomagnetic environment—progress and gaps in understanding, prediction, and impacts
T2  - Advances in Space Research
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.05.016
UR  - http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/111876
ER  - 

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