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  • Journal article
    Pagel C, Balogh A, 2003,

    Radial dependence of intermittency in the fast polar solar wind magnetic field using Ulysses

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 108, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Zhang J, Woch J, Solanki SK, Von Steiger R, Forsyth Ret al., 2003,

    Interplanetary and solar surface properties of coronal holes observed during solar maximum

    , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 108

    Data from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on board the Ulysses spacecraft and synoptic maps from Kitt Peak are used to analyze the relatively short-lived coronal holes which exist during the maximum phase of the solar activity cycle 23. They are compared with the persistent polar coronal holes which prevail around solar minimum. A solar wind velocity increase coinciding with a shift of the ionic charge composition toward lower charge states serves as a robust criterion for identifying solar wind streams emanating from solar maximum holes. This allows an unambiguous association of every stream identified in interplanetary space with a coronal hole on the solar surface with consistent magnetic polarity. Solar wind streams emanating from the solar maximum holes generally show lower velocities of 400 to 600 km/s compared to the polar hole stream velocities of 700 to 800 km/s. However, the SWICS 07+/O6+ charge-state ratios, which are a proxy for coronal temperatures, do not reveal a consistent difference. Though a number of solar maximum holes have a significantly, up to three times, higher temperature compared to the polar coronal holes, the majority of the investigated holes and specifically those with new cycle polarity have a coronal temperature within the range of polar hole temperatures. Likewise, the magnetic flux density in the solar maximum holes and in the polar coronal holes, as derived from the synoptic maps, is not strikingly different. Therefore any intrinsic difference between solar maximum holes and polar coronal holes is small. The striking discrepancy in their kinetic properties, namely the slower velocity of the solar wind streams emanating from solar maximum holes, may partly be attributed to deceleration of the solar wind during propagation to the spacecraft. The discrepancy may also be influenced by active regions in close proximity to the coronal holes, which presumably is more likely for smaller holes. There may, however, be a
  • Book chapter
    Czaja A, Robertson AW, Huck T, 2003,

    The role of atlantic ocean-atmosphere coupling in affecting North Atlantic oscillation variability

    , Geophysical Monograph Series, Pages: 147-172

    We review the role of ocean-atmosphere interactions over the Atlantic sector in North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability. The emphasis is on physical mechanisms, which are illustrated in simple models and analyzed in observations and numerical models. Some directions of research are proposed to better assess the relevance of Atlantic air-sea interactions to observed and simulated NAO variability.
  • Conference paper
    Wall R, Smith M, Sides R, Lockwood M, Morris N, Waltham N, Carr C, Castelli C, Eyles C, Linder D, Chaloner C, Baldwin Let al., 2003,

    Earthshine: A deep-space small satellite to examine the Sun-Earth connection

    , Pages: 543-553

    The Earth-Sun-Heliosphere Interactions Experiment (EARTHSHINE) mission will be the first deep-space mission designed, developed and executed solely by the UK. Providing a novel concept for a low-cost, fast, responsive project, EARTHSHINE builds on the UK's past involvement in small satellite development. Each of EARTHSHINE's four instruments is carefully designed to answer key questions about how Earth's climate and space environment are influenced by the Sun. EARTHSHINE will have a unique and continuous view of the dayside of the Earth yielding accurate measurements of the Earth's albedo and will simultaneously monitor the electromagnetic, particle and field outputs of the Sun. A coherent design philosophy is presented here based on the requirements that the spacecraft be simple, robust, have minimal operations workload and be based almost entirely on existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment. This is achieved by using autonomous systems and on-board processing, thereby reducing operations to an absolute minimum. Many of the spacecraft systems processing duties have been integrated into the EADS Astrium UNIONICS package. The mission will also be the first to use Astrium's new UNIWIND carbon fibre structure which greatly simplifies the construction. The result is a highly independent, low mass (< 130kg) deep-space satellite that is scheduled to be launched in 2007. Copyright © 2003 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved.
  • Journal article
    Vörös Z, Baumjohann W, Nakamura R, Runov A, Zhang TL, Volwerk M, Eichelberger HU, Balogh A, Horbury TS, Glaßmeier KH, Klecker B, Rème Het al., 2003,

    Multi-scale magnetic field intermittence in the plasma sheet

    , Annales Geophysicae, Vol: 21, Pages: 1955-1964, ISSN: 0992-7689

    This paper demonstrates that intermittent magnetic field fluctuations in the plasma sheet exhibit transitory, localized, and multi-scale features. We propose a multifractal-based algorithm, which quantifies intermittence on the basis of the statistical distribution of the "strength of burstiness", estimated within a sliding window. Interesting multi-scale phenomena observed by the Cluster spacecraft include large-scale motion of the current sheet and bursty bulk flow associated turbulence, interpreted as a cross-scale coupling (CSC) process.
  • Journal article
    Bale SD, Mozer FS, Horbury TS, 2003,

    Density-transition scale at quasiperpendicular collisionless shocks

    , Physical Review Letters, Vol: 91, ISSN: 0031-9007

    Measurements of a spacecraft floating potential, on the four Cluster spacecraft, are used as a proxy for electron plasma density to study, for the first time, the macroscopic density transition scale at 98 crossings of the quasiperpendicular terrestrial bow shock. A timing analysis gives shock speeds and normals; the shock speed is used to convert the temporal measurement to a spatial one. A hyperbolic tangent function is fitted to each density transition, which captures the main shock transition, but not overshoot or undershoot nor foot features. We find that, at a low Mach number [Formula presented], the density transition is consistent with both ion inertial scales [Formula presented] and convected gyroradii [Formula presented], while at [Formula presented] only the convected gyroradius is the preferred scale for the shock density transition and takes the value [Formula presented]. © 2003 The American Physical Society.
  • Journal article
    Haigh JD, 2003,

    The effects of solar variability on the Earth’s climate.

    , Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, Vol: 361, Pages: 95-111-111
  • Conference paper
    Kellogg PJ, Dougherty MK, Forsyth RJ, Gurnett DA, Hospodarsky GB, Kurth WSet al., 2003,

    Electric fluctuations and ion isotropy

    , Melville, 10th international solar wind conference, Pisa, Italy, 17 - 21 June 2002, Publisher: American Institute of Physics, Pages: 383-388
  • Conference paper
    Knetter T, Neubauer FM, Horbury T, Balogh Aet al., 2003,

    Discontinuity observations with cluster

    , D1 1/D2 1/E3 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly/2nd Space Congress, Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, Pages: 543-548, ISSN: 0273-1177
  • Book
    Czaja A, Robertson A, Huck T, 2003,

    The North Atlantic Oscillation

    , Publisher: American Geophysical Union
  • Conference paper
    Kellogg PJ, Dougherty MK, Forsyth RJ, Gurnett DA, Hospodarsky GB, Kurth WSet al., 2003,

    Electric fluctuations and ion isotropy

    , Melville, 10th international solar wind conference, Pisa, Italy, 17 - 21 June 2002, Publisher: American Institute of Physics, Pages: 383-388
  • Journal article
    Szego K, Young DT, Bagdonat T, Barraclough B, Berthelier JJ, Coates AJ, Crary FJ, Dougherty MK, Erdos G, Gurnett DA, Kurth WS, Opits A, Rymer A, Thomsen MFet al., 2003,

    A pre-shock event at Jupiter on 30 January 2001

    , Journal of Geophysical Research
  • Journal article
    Matthes K, Kodera K, Haigh JD, Shindell DT, Shibata K, Langematz U, Rozanov E, Kuroda Yet al., 2003,

    GRIPS solar experiments intercomparison project: initial results

    , Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, Vol: 54, Pages: 71-90, ISSN: 0031-126X
  • Conference paper
    Kilifarska NA, Haigh JD, 2003,

    Climate sensitivity to solar modulation of H2O vapour derived from HALOE data

    , Proceedings of ISCS'03, Publisher: European Space Agency, Pages: 339-344
  • Conference paper
    Jones GH, Balogh A, 2003,

    Ulysses observations of changes in the solar polar regions around solar maximum

    , Melville, 10th international solar wind conference, Pisa, Italy, 17 - 21 June 2002, Publisher: American Institute of Physics, Pages: 156-159
  • Conference paper
    Forsyth RJ, Rees A, Reisenfeld DB, Lepri ST, Zurbuchen THet al., 2003,

    ICME observations during the Ulysses fast latitude scan

    , Melville, 10th international solar wind conference, Pisa, Italy, 17 - 21 June 2002, Publisher: American Institute of Physics, Pages: 715-720
  • Journal article
    Shine KP, Bourqui MS, de FForster PM, Hare SHE, Langematz U, Braesicke P, Grewe V, Ponater M, Schnadt C, Smith CA, Haigh JD, Austin J, Butchart N, Shindell DT, Randel WJ, Nagashima T, Portmann RW, Solomon S, Seidel DJ, Lanzante J, Klein S, Ramaswamy V, Schwarzkopf MDet al., 2003,

    A comparison of model-simulated trends in stratospheric temperatures

    , Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol: 129, Pages: 1565-1588, ISSN: 0035-9009
  • Journal article
    Haigh JD, Bignell KJ, 2003,

    Sunshine hours (Reply)

    , Weather, Vol: 58, Pages: 277-278, ISSN: 0043-1656
  • Conference paper
    Fox N, Aiken J, Barnett JJ, Briottet X, Carvell R, Frohlich C, Groom SB, Hagolle O, Haigh JD, Kieffer HH, Lean J, Pollock DB, Quinn T, Sandford MCW, Schaepman M, Shine KP, Schmutz WK, Teillet PM, Thome KJ, Verstraete MM, Zalewski Eet al., 2003,

    Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies (truths)

    , Symposium on Calibration, Characterization of Satellite Sensors, Physical Parameters Derived from Satellite Data, Pages: 2253-2261

    The Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS) mission offers a novel approach to the provision of key scientific data with unprecedented radiometric accuracy for Earth Observation (EO) and solar studies, which will also establish well-calibrated reference targets/standards to support other EO missions. This paper presents the TRUTHS mission and its objectives. TRUTHS will be the first satellite mission to calibrate its EO instrumentation directly to SI in orbit, overcoming the usual uncertainties associated with drifts of sensor gain and spectral shape by using an electrical rather than an optical standard as the basis of its calibration. The range of instruments flown as part of the payload will also provide accurate input data to improve atmospheric radiative transfer codes by anchoring boundary conditions, through simultaneous measurements of aerosols, particulates and radiances at various heights. Therefore, TRUTHS will significantly improve the performance and accuracy of EO missions with broad global or operational aims, as well as more dedicated missions. The provision of reference standards will also improve synergy between missions by reducing errors due to different calibration biases and offer cost reductions for future missions by reducing the demands for on-board calibration systems. Such improvements are important for the future success of strategies such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and the implementation and monitoring of international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol. TRUTHS will achieve these aims by measuring the geophysical variables of solar and lunar irradiance, together with both polarised and unpolarised spectral radiance of the Moon, Earth and its atmosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
  • Journal article
    Kellogg PJ, Gurnett DA, Hospodarsky GB, Kurth WS, Dougherty MK, Forsyth RJet al., 2003,

    Ion isotropy and ion resonant waves in the solar wind: corrected Cassini observations (Article no. 1045)

    , Journal of Geophysical Research.Space Physics, Vol: 108, ISSN: 0148-0227
  • Conference paper
    Schuh SL, Nagel T, Deetjen JL, Dreizler S, Handler G, O'Brien MS, Riddle R, Hürkal Ö, Pakstiene E, Klumpe E, Lawrence T, Vuckovic M, Zola S, Kawaler S, Kanaan A, Giovannini O, Kepler SO, Mukadam A, Provencal J, Nitta A, Shipman H, Mullally F, Grauer A, Wood MA, Bradley PA, Kilic M, Sekiguchi K, Crowe R, Sullivan D, Rosen R, Clemens C, Xiaojun J, Janulis R, O'Donoghue D, Ogloza W, Baran A, Silvotti R, Marinoni S, Vauclair G, Dolez N, Chevreton M, Gonzalez JM, Solheim JE, Ulla A, Burleigh M, Good S, Metcalfe T, Da Costa AFM, Costa JES, Kim SL, Lee H, Sergeev A, Akan C, Cakirli Ö, Paparo M, Viraghalmy Get al., 2003,

    Preliminary results of the wet Xcov22 campaign at Calar Alto observatory

    , NATO Advanced Research Workshop on White Dwarfs, Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 263-264
  • Conference paper
    straine G, green P, Murray JE, 2003,

    Far infrared radiation measurements from the TAFTS instrument during EMERALD 2001
  • Journal article
    Haigh JD, 2003,

    Climate change 2001 (Reply)

    , Weather, Vol: 58, Pages: 312-313, ISSN: 0043-1656
  • Journal article
    Szego K, Young DT, Barraclough BL, Berthelier JJ, Coates AJ, McComas DJ, Crary FJ, Dougherty MK, Erdos G, Gurnett DA, Kurth WS, Thomsen MFet al., 2003,

    Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measurements of Jovian bow shock structure

    , Journal of Geophysical Research.Space Physics, Vol: 109, Pages: 1287-1, ISSN: 0148-0227
  • Conference paper
    Fränz M, Horbury TS, Génot V, Moullard O, Rème H, Dandouras I, Fazakerley AN, Korth A, Frutos-Alfaro Fet al., 2003,

    Solitary waves observed by cluster in the solar wind

    , 10th International Solar Wind Conference, Publisher: AMER INST PHYSICS, Pages: 562-565, ISSN: 0094-243X
  • Book chapter
    Haigh JD, 2003,

    Solar-terrestrial interactions: climate impact

    , Encyclopedia of atmospheric sciences, Editors: Curry, Pyle, Holton, Amsterdam, Publisher: Academic Press, Pages: 2072-2078, ISBN: 9780122270901
  • Conference paper
    Dalla S, Balogh A, Krucker S, Posner A, Muller-Mellin R, Anglin JD, Hofer MY, Marsden RG, Sanderson TR, Heber B, Zhang M, McKibben RBet al., 2003,

    Characterization of SEP events at high heliographic latitudes

    , Melville, 10th international solar wind conference, Pisa, Italy, 17 -21 June 2002, Publisher: American Institute of Physics, Pages: 656-659
  • Conference paper
    Kilifarska NA, Haigh JD, 2003,

    Solar modulation of water vapour derived from HALOE data

    , International Solar Cycle Studies Symposium (ISCS 2003), Publisher: ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC, Pages: 339-344, ISSN: 0379-6566
  • Conference paper
    Cook PA, Trasi NS, de Oliveira CRE, Haigh JDet al., 2003,

    Modelling of cloud-radiation interactions with the general purpose 3D finite element-spherical harmonics code EVENT

    , Supercomputing in nuclear applications, SNA 2003, Paris, France, September 2003
  • Journal article
    Muller-Wodarg ICF, Yelle RV, Mendillo M, Aylward ADet al., 2003,

    On the global distribution of neutral gases in Titan's upper atmosphere and its effect on the thermal structure

    , Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol: 108, Pages: 1453-1464, ISSN: 0148-0227

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