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  • Conference paper
    Forsyth RJ, Rees A, Balogh A, Smith EJet al., 2001,

    Magnetic field observations of transient events at <i>Ulysses</i>, 1996-2000

    , Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 217-220, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Conference paper
    Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Skoug RM, Forsyth RJet al., 2001,

    Stream interaction regions at high heliographic latitudes during <i>Ulysses'</i> second polar orbit

    , Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 189-192, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Herbaut C, Sirven J, Czaja A, 2001,

    An idealized model study of the mass and heat transports between the subpolar and subtropical gyres

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 31, Pages: 2903-2916, ISSN: 0022-3670
  • Conference paper
    Cargill PJ, 2001,

    Theories of heating and particle acceleration in the solar corona

    , E2 4 and E1 5 Symposia of COSPAR-Scientific-Commission-E held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 1759-1768, ISSN: 0273-1177
  • Conference paper
    Balogh A, Smith EJ, 2001,

    The heliospheric magnetic field at solar maximum:: <i>Ulysses</i> observations

    , Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 147-160, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Book chapter
    Dougherty MK, 2001,

    Saturn: magnetosphere

    , Encyclopedia of astronomy and astrophysics, Editors: Murdin, Bristol; London, Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing; Nature Publishing Group, Pages: 2361-2367, ISBN: 9780333750889
  • Conference paper
    Naud C, Russell JE, Harries JE, 2001,

    Radiative effect of cirrus clouds in the far infrared

    , International Radiation Symposium, Publisher: A DEEPAK PUBLISHING, Pages: 329-332
  • Conference paper
    Brindley HE, Harries JE, Slingo AS, 2001,

    On the utilisation of operational satellite data to investigate climate variability and trends.

    , International Radiation Symposium, Publisher: A DEEPAK PUBLISHING, Pages: 635-638
  • Conference paper
    Balogh A, Forsyth RJ, Horbury TS, Jones GH, Smith EJet al., 2001,

    Magnetic fields in the three-dimensional heliosphere: Ulysses observations

    , Ag Noordwijk, Netherlands, 1st solar orbiter workshop, Puerto la Cruz, Spain, 14 - 18 May 2001, Publisher: ESA Publications Division C/O Estec, Pages: 161-166
  • Journal article
    Bale SD, Larson DE, Lin RP, Kellogg PJ, Goetz K, Monson SJet al., 2000,

    On the beam speed and wavenumber of intense electron plasma waves near the foreshock edge

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 27353-27367, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Skoug RM, Feldman WC, Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Reisenfeld DB, Smith CW, Lepping RP, Balogh Aet al., 2000,

    Radial variation of solar wind electrons inside a magnetic cloud observed at 1 and 5 AU

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 27269-27275, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Conference paper
    Edwards TM, Balogh A, Cowley SWH, Dougherty MK, Dunlop MW, Forsyth RJ, Laxton NF, Staines Ket al., 2000,

    Azimuthal field perturbations in the Jovian magnetosphere: Ulysses observations

    , Pages: 108-111, ISSN: 1405-2059

    Azimuthal magnetic field perturbations observed by the Ulysses spacecraft during the inbound and outbound passes of the Jovian magnetosphere are compared with theoretically calculated values based on the transfer of angular momentum from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere due to departures from corotation of the magnetospheric plasma. On the inbound pass a "lagging" field configuration was observed corresponding to regions of subcorotational flow. The peak azimuthal fields were found to fall with radial distance as r -1:4. Good theoretical agreement is obtained with the observed values using a value for the Pedersen conductivity of 0:136 ± 0:028 mho. This value is smaller than the 0:4 mho obtained by Vasyliunas from the analysis of the Pioneer 10 and the Voyager 1 and 2 data. The difference is due to the larger fields observed by the latter spacecraft to which the theory was fitted. On the outbound pass the theory gives good agreement with two large "lagging" field signatures where the flow is again subcorotational. At larger distances, however, the presence of a consistently "leading" field configuration is observed which is not predicted by the theory, since the flow was still subcorotational in this region. This "leading" configuration is suggested to be due to the tail-magnetopause current system.
  • Journal article
    Dunlop MW, Cargill PJ, Stubbs TJ, Woolliams Pet al., 2000,

    The high-altitude cusps: HEOS 2

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 27509-27517, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Southwood DJ, Kivelson MG, 2000,

    Relationships between phase structure and energy flux in magneto hydro dynamic waves in the magnetosphere

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 27701-27706, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Pickering JC, Thorne AP, Murray JE, Litzén U, Johansson S, Zilio V, Webb JKet al., 2000,

    Accurate laboratory wavelengths of some ultraviolet lines of Cr, Zn and Ni relevant to time variations of the fine structure constant

    , MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 319, Pages: 163-167, ISSN: 0035-8711
  • Conference paper
    Larkin A, Haigh JD, Djavidnia S, 2000,

    The effect of solar UV irradiance variations on the Earth's atmosphere

    , Publisher: SPRINGER, Pages: 199-214, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Müller-Wodarg ICF, Yelle RV, Mendillo M, Young LA, Aylward ADet al., 2000,

    The thermosphere of Titan simulated by a global three-dimensional time-dependent model

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 20833-20856, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Espinosa SA, Dougherty MK, 2000,

    Periodic perturbations in Saturn's magnetic field

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 27, Pages: 2785-2788, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Németh Z, Erdös G, Balogh A, 2000,

    Fluctuations of the heliospheric magnetic field and the anisotropy of pickup ions

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 27, Pages: 2793-2796, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Rishbeth H, Müller-Wodarg ICF, Zou L, Fuller-Rowell TJ, Millward GH, Moffett RJ, Idenden DW, Aylward ADet al., 2000,

    Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer: II. Physical discussion

    , Annales Geophysicae, Vol: 18, Pages: 945-956

    <jats:p>Abstract. The companion paper by Zou et al. shows that the annual and semiannual variations in the peak F2-layer electron density (NmF2) at midlatitudes can be reproduced by a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere computational model (CTIP), without recourse to external influences such as the solar wind, or waves and tides originating in the lower atmosphere. The present work discusses the physics in greater detail. It shows that noon NmF2 is closely related to the ambient atomic/molecular concentration ratio, and suggests that the variations of NmF2 with geographic and magnetic longitude are largely due to the geometry of the auroral ovals. It also concludes that electric fields play no important part in the dynamics of the midlatitude thermosphere. Our modelling leads to the following picture of the global three-dimensional thermospheric circulation which, as envisaged by Duncan, is the key to explaining the F2-layer variations. At solstice, the almost continuous solar input at high summer latitudes drives a prevailing summer-to-winter wind, with upwelling at low latitudes and throughout most of the summer hemisphere, and a zone of downwelling in the winter hemisphere, just equatorward of the auroral oval. These motions affect thermospheric composition more than do the alternating day/night (up-and-down) motions at equinox. As a result, the thermosphere as a whole is more molecular at solstice than at equinox. Taken in conjunction with the well-known relation of F2-layer electron density to the atomic/molecular ratio in the neutral air, this explains the F2-layer semiannual effect in NmF2 that prevails at low and middle latitudes. At higher midlatitudes, the seasonal behaviour depends on the geographic latitude of the winter downwelling zone, though the effect of the composition changes is modified by the large solar zenith angle at midwinter. The zenith angle effect is especially important in longitudes far from the magnetic poles. Here, the downwelling o
  • Journal article
    Zou L, Rishbeth H, Müller-Wodarg ICF, Aylward AD, Millward GH, Fuller-Rowell TJ, Idenden DW, Moffett RJet al., 2000,

    Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer. I. Modelling

    , Annales Geophysicae, Vol: 18, Pages: 927-944

    <jats:p>Abstract. Annual, seasonal and semiannual variations of F2-layer electron density (NmF2) and height (hmF2) have been compared with the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere computational model (CTIP), for geomagnetically quiet conditions. Compared with results from ionosonde data from midlatitudes, CTIP reproduces quite well many observed features of NmF2, such as the dominant winter maxima at high midlatitudes in longitude sectors near the magnetic poles, the equinox maxima in sectors remote from the magnetic poles and at lower latitudes generally, and the form of the month-to-month variations at latitudes between about 60°N and 50°S. CTIP also reproduces the seasonal behaviour of NmF2 at midnight and the summer-winter changes of hmF2. Some features of the F2-layer, not reproduced by the present version of CTIP, are attributed to processes not included in the modelling. Examples are the increased prevalence of the winter maxima of noon NmF2 at higher solar activity, which may be a consequence of the increase of F2-layer loss rate in summer by vibrationally excited molecular nitrogen, and the semiannual variation in hmF2, which may be due to tidal effects. An unexpected feature of the computed distributions of NmF2 is an east-west hemisphere difference, which seems to be linked to the geomagnetic field configuration. Physical discussion is reserved to the companion paper by Rishbeth et al.Key words: Atmospheric composition and structure (thermosphere-composition and chemistry) - Ionosphere (mid-latitude ionosphere; modelling and forecasting) </jats:p>
  • Journal article
    Lario D, Marsden RG, Sanderson TR, Maksimovic M, Sanahuja B, Plunkett SP, Balogh A, Forsyth RJ, Lin RP, Gosling JTet al., 2000,

    Energetic proton observations at 1 and 5 AU 2. Rising phase of the solar cycle 23

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 18251-18274, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Lario D, Marsden RG, Sanderson TR, Maksimovic M, Sanahuja B, Balogh A, Forsyth RJ, Lin RP, Gosling JTet al., 2000,

    Energetic proton observations at 1 and 5 AU 1. January-September 1997

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 18235-18250, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Sanderson TR, Erdös G, Balogh A, Forsyth RJ, Marsden RG, Gosling JT, Phillips JL, Tranquille Cet al., 2000,

    Effect of magnetic discontinuities on the propagation of energetic particles:: Ulysses observations of the onset of the March 1991 solar particle event

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 18275-18283, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Matsuoka A, Southwood DJ, Kokubun S, Mukai Tet al., 2000,

    Propagation sense of low-frequency MHD waves in the magnetosheath observed by Geotail

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 105, Pages: 18361-18376, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Zou L, Rishbeth H, Müller-Wodarg ICF, Aylward AD, Millward GH, Fuller-Rowell TJ, Idenden DW, Moffett RJet al., 2000,

    Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer.: I.: Modelling

    , ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES, Vol: 18, Pages: 927-944, ISSN: 0992-7689
  • Journal article
    Arnold N, Cargill P, 2000,

    Millennium MIST

    , ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Vol: 41, Pages: 28-30, ISSN: 1366-8781
  • Journal article
    Rishbeth H, Müller-Wodarg ICF, Zou L, Fuller-Rowell TJ, Millward GH, Moffett RJ, Idenden DW, Aylward ADet al., 2000,

    Annual and semiannual variations in the ionospheric F2-layer:: II.: Physical discussion

    , ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES, Vol: 18, Pages: 945-956, ISSN: 0992-7689
  • Journal article
    Czaja A, Marshall J, 2000,

    On the interpretation of AGCMs response to prescribed time-varying SST anomalies

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 27, Pages: 1927-1930, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    De Keyser J, Roth M, Forsyth R, Reisenfeld Det al., 2000,

    Ulysses observations of sector boundaries at aphelion

    , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 105, Pages: 15689-15698

    We study a sample of sector boundaries observed by Ulysses near its early 1998 aphelion at 5.4 AU. We relate these sector boundaries to solar wind structure seen by Wind at 1 AU, guided by a hydrodynamic simulation. For each Ulysses sector boundary we are able to identify a corresponding 1 AU sector boundary, except when strong transients are present. Sector boundaries appear embedded in complex plasma structures that generally are in a state of pressure balance. Minimum variance analysis confirms the tangential discontinuity nature of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) and indicates that the current sheet tends to be inclined more steeply than at 1 AU (HCS normal closer to the equatorial plane and nearly radially outward). We discuss evidence for the nonplanarity of the current sheet. Magnetic field depressions are characteristic features of the sector boundaries. We attribute them to particles that are magnetically confined inside the current sheet and that carry the diamagnetic current responsible for the large magnetic field rotation. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union.

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