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Journal articleHalekas JS, Whittlesey P, Larson DE, et al., 2022,
The Radial Evolution of the Solar Wind as Organized by Electron Distribution Parameters
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 936, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 9
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Journal articleMalaspina DM, Chasapis A, Tatum P, et al., 2022,
Inhomogeneous Kinetic Alfven Waves in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 936, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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Journal articleTigik SF, Vaivads A, Malaspina DM, et al., 2022,
Parker Solar Probe Observations of Near-<i>f</i> <sub>Ce</sub> Harmonic Emissions in the Near-Sun Solar Wind and Their Dependence on the Magnetic Field Direction
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 936, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 5
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Journal articleFranci L, Papini E, Micera A, et al., 2022,
Anisotropic Electron Heating in Turbulence-driven Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 936, ISSN: 0004-637X -
Journal articleAizawa S, Persson M, Menez T, et al., 2022,
LatHyS global hybrid simulation of the BepiColombo second Venus flyby
, PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE, Vol: 218, ISSN: 0032-0633- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 3
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Journal articleDing M, Pickering JC, 2022,
Comment on: "Hyperfine structure measurements of Co I and Co II with Fourier transform spectroscopy" by Fu et al. [JQSRT 2021, 107590]
, JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER, Vol: 288, ISSN: 0022-4073- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 3
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Journal articleFranci L, Papini E, Del Sarto D, et al., 2022,
Plasma Turbulence in the Near-Sun and Near-Earth Solar Wind: A Comparison via Observation-Driven 2D Hybrid Simulations
, UNIVERSE, Vol: 8- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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Journal articleTeoh R, Schumann U, Gryspeerdt E, et al., 2022,
Aviation contrail climate effects in the North Atlantic from 2016 to 2021
, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 22, Pages: 10919-10935, ISSN: 1680-7316Around 5 % of anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF) is attributed to aviation CO2 and non-CO2 impacts. This paper quantifies aviation emissions and contrail climate forcing in the North Atlantic, one of the world's busiest air traffic corridors, over 5 years. Between 2016 and 2019, growth in CO2 (+3.13 % yr−1) and nitrogen oxide emissions (+4.5 % yr−1) outpaced increases in flight distance (+3.05 % yr−1). Over the same period, the annual mean contrail cirrus net RF (204–280 mW m−2) showed significant inter-annual variability caused by variations in meteorology. Responses to COVID-19 caused significant reductions in flight distance travelled (−66 %), CO2 emissions (−71 %) and the contrail net RF (−66 %) compared with the prior 1-year period. Around 12 % of all flights in this region cause 80 % of the annual contrail energy forcing, and the factors associated with strongly warming/cooling contrails include seasonal changes in meteorology and radiation, time of day, background cloud fields, and engine-specific non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) emissions. Strongly warming contrails in this region are generally formed in wintertime, close to the tropopause, between 15:00 and 04:00 UTC, and above low-level clouds. The most strongly cooling contrails occur in the spring, in the upper troposphere, between 06:00 and 15:00 UTC, and without lower-level clouds. Uncertainty in the contrail cirrus net RF (216–238 mW m−2) arising from meteorology in 2019 is smaller than the inter-annual variability. The contrail RF estimates are most sensitive to the humidity fields, followed by nvPM emissions and aircraft mass assumptions. This longitudinal evaluation of aviation contrail impacts contributes a quantified understanding of inter-annual variability and informs strategies for contrail mitigation.
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Journal articleVuorinen L, Vainio R, Hietala H, et al., 2022,
Monte Carlo simulations of electron acceleration at bow waves driven by fast jets in the Earth’s magnetosheath
, The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics, Vol: 934, Pages: 1-7, ISSN: 0004-637XThe shocked solar wind flows around the Earth’s magnetosphere in the magnetosheath downstreamof the Earth’s bow shock. Within this region, faster flows of plasma, called magnetosheath jets, arefrequently observed. These jets have been shown to sometimes exhibit supermagnetosonic speedsrelative to the magnetosheath flow and to develop bow waves or shocks of their own. Such jet-drivenbow waves have been observed to accelerate ions and electrons. We model electron acceleration bymagnetosheath jet-driven bow waves using test-particle Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulationssuggest that the energy increase of electrons with energies of a few hundred eV to 10 keV can beexplained by a collapsing magnetic trap forming between the bow wave and the magnetopause withshock drift acceleration at the moving bow wave. Our simulations allow us to estimate the efficiencyof acceleration as a function of different jet and magnetosheath parameters. Electron acceleration byjet-driven bow waves can increase the total acceleration in the parent shock environment, most likelyalso at shocks other than the Earth’s bow shock.
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Journal articleWang S, Toumi R, 2022,
Author Correction: On the intensity decay of tropical cyclones before landfall.
, Sci Rep, Vol: 12 -
Journal articleSulaiman A, Mauk B, Szalay J, et al., 2022,
Jupiter’s low-altitude auroral zones: Fields, particles, plasma waves, and density depletions
, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol: 127, ISSN: 2169-9380The Juno spacecraft's polar orbits have enabled direct sampling of Jupiter's low-altitude auroral field lines. While various data sets have identified unique features over Jupiter's main aurora, they are yet to be analyzed altogether to determine how they can be reconciled and fit into the bigger picture of Jupiter's auroral generation mechanisms. Jupiter's main aurora has been classified into distinct “zones”, based on repeatable signatures found in energetic electron and proton spectra. We combine fields, particles, and plasma wave data sets to analyze Zone-I and Zone-II, which are suggested to carry upward and downward field-aligned currents, respectively. We find Zone-I to have well-defined boundaries across all data sets. H+ and/or H3+ cyclotron waves are commonly observed in Zone-I in the presence of energetic upward H+ beams and downward energetic electron beams. Zone-II, on the other hand, does not have a clear poleward boundary with the polar cap, and its signatures are more sporadic. Large-amplitude solitary waves, which are reminiscent of those ubiquitous in Earth's downward current region, are a key feature of Zone-II. Alfvénic fluctuations are most prominent in the diffuse aurora and are repeatedly found to diminish in Zone-I and Zone-II, likely due to dissipation, at higher altitudes, to energize auroral electrons. Finally, we identify significant electron density depletions, by up to 2 orders of magnitude, in Zone-I, and discuss their important implications for the development of parallel potentials, Alfvénic dissipation, and radio wave generation.
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Journal articleClear CP, Pickering JC, Nave G, et al., 2022,
Wavelengths and energy levels of singly ionized nickel (Ni ii) measured using fourier transform spectroscopy
, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol: 261, Pages: 35-35, ISSN: 0067-0049High-resolution spectra of singly ionized nickel (Ni ii) have been recorded using Fourier transform spectroscopy in the region 143–5555 nm (1800–70,000 cm−1) with continuous, nickel–helium hollow cathode discharge sources. An extensive analysis of identified Ni ii lines resulted in the confirmation and revision of 283 previously reported energy levels, from the ground state up to the 3d8(ML)6s subconfigurations. Typical energy-level uncertainties are a few thousandths of a cm−1, representing at least an order-of-magnitude reduction in uncertainty with respect to previous measurements. Twenty-five new energy levels have now been established and are reported here for the first time. Eigenvector compositions of the energy levels have been calculated using the orthogonal operator method. In total, 159 even and 149 odd energy levels and 1424 classified line wavelengths of Ni ii are reported and will enable more accurate and reliable analyses of Ni ii in astrophysical spectra.
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Journal articleZhao L-L, Zank GP, Adhikari L, et al., 2022,
Turbulence and Waves in the Sub-Alfvenic Solar Wind Observed by the Parker Solar Probe during Encounter 10
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 934, ISSN: 2041-8205- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 7
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Journal articleShi C, Panasenco O, Velli M, et al., 2022,
Patches of Magnetic Switchbacks and Their Origins
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 934, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 9
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Journal articleSioulas N, Huang Z, Velli M, et al., 2022,
Magnetic Field Intermittency in the Solar Wind: Parker Solar Probe and SolO Observations Ranging from the Alfven Region up to 1 AU
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 934, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 9
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Journal articleErgun RE, Pathak N, Usanova ME, et al., 2022,
Observation of Magnetic Reconnection in a Region of Strong Turbulence
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 935, ISSN: 2041-8205- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleRasca AP, Farrell WM, Whittlesey PL, et al., 2022,
Magnetic Field Dropouts and Associated Plasma Wave Emission near the Electron Plasma Frequency at Switchback Boundaries as Observed by the Parker Solar Probe
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 935, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleTelloni D, Zank GP, Sorriso-Valvo L, et al., 2022,
Linking Small-scale Solar Wind Properties with Large-scale Coronal Source Regions through Joint Parker Solar Probe-Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 935, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 9
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Journal articleBrunmayr AS, Graven H, 2022,
Comment on "Probability Distributions of Radiocarbon in Open Linear Compartmental Systems at Steady-State" by I. Chanca, S. Trumbore, K. Macario, and C. A. Sierra
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Journal articleSchwartz SJ, Goodrich KA, Wilson III LB, et al., 2022,
Energy partition at collisionless supercritical quasiperpendicular shocks
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Journal articleGraven H, Keeling R, Xu X, 2022,
Radiocarbon dating: going back in time
, NATURE, Vol: 607, Pages: 449-449, ISSN: 0028-0836- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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Journal articleFargette N, Lavraud B, Rouillard AP, et al., 2022,
The preferential orientation of magnetic switchbacks and its implications for solar magnetic flux transport
, ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 663, ISSN: 0004-6361- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 6
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Journal articleKilpua EKJ, Good SW, Ala-Lahti M, et al., 2022,
Structure and fluctuations of a slow ICME sheath observed at 0.5 au by the Parker Solar Probe
, ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 663, ISSN: 0004-6361- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleMcManus MD, Verniero J, Bale SD, et al., 2022,
Density and Velocity Fluctuations of Alpha Particles in Magnetic Switchbacks
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 933, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 3
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Journal articleTrotta D, Pecora F, Settino A, et al., 2022,
On the Transmission of Turbulent Structures across the Earth's Bow Shock
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 933, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 7
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Journal articleGryspeerdt E, McCoy DT, Crosbie E, et al., 2022,
The impact of sampling strategy on the cloud droplet number concentration estimated from satellite data
, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol: 15, Pages: 3875-3892, ISSN: 1867-1381Cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is of central importance to observation-based estimates of aerosol indirect effects, being used to quantify both the cloud sensitivity to aerosol and the base state of the cloud. However, the derivation of Nd from satellite data depends on a number of assumptions about the cloud and the accuracy of the retrievals of the cloud properties from which it is derived, making it prone to systematic biases.A number of sampling strategies have been proposed to address these biases by selecting the most accurate Nd retrievals in the satellite data. This work compares the impact of these strategies on the accuracy of the satellite retrieved Nd, using a selection of in situ measurements. In stratocumulus regions, the MODIS Nd retrieval is able to achieve a high precision (r2 of 0.5–0.8). This is lower in other cloud regimes but can be increased by appropriate sampling choices. Although the Nd sampling can have significant effects on the Nd climatology, it produces only a 20 % variation in the implied radiative forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions, with the choice of aerosol proxy driving the overall uncertainty. The results are summarised into recommendations for using MODIS Nd products and appropriate sampling.
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Journal articleDavies EE, Winslow RM, Scolini C, et al., 2022,
Multi-spacecraft Observations of the Evolution of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections between 0.3 and 2.2 au: Conjunctions with the Juno Spacecraft
, ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 933, ISSN: 0004-637X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 4
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Journal articleSmith AW, Forsyth C, Rae IJ, et al., 2022,
On the considerations of using near real time data for space weather hazard forecasting
, Space Weather, Vol: 20, ISSN: 1542-7390Space weather represents a severe threat to ground-based infrastructure, satellites and communications. Accurately forecasting when such threats are likely (e.g., when we may see large induced currents) will help to mitigate the societal and financial costs. In recent years computational models have been created that can forecast hazardous intervals, however they generally use post-processed “science” solar wind data from upstream of the Earth. In this work we investigate the quality and continuity of the data that are available in Near-Real-Time (NRT) from the Advanced Composition Explorer and Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft. In general, the data available in NRT corresponds well with post-processed data, however there are three main areas of concern: greater short-term variability in the NRT data, occasional anomalous values and frequent data gaps. Some space weather models are able to compensate for these issues if they are also present in the data used to fit (or train) the model, while others will require extra checks to be implemented in order to produce high quality forecasts. We find that the DSCOVR NRT data are generally more continuous, though they have been available for small fraction of a solar cycle and therefore DSCOVR has experienced a limited range of solar wind conditions. We find that short gaps are the most common, and are most frequently found in the plasma data. To maximize forecast availability we suggest the implementation of limited interpolation if possible, for example, for gaps of 5 min or less, which could increase the fraction of valid input data considerably.
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Journal articleThaller SA, Andersson L, Schwartz SJ, et al., 2022,
Bipolar Electric Field Pulses in the Martian Magnetosheath and Solar Wind; Their Implication and Impact Accessed by System Scale Size
, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 127, ISSN: 2169-9380 -
Journal articleSroka S, Czaja A, Chakravorty S, 2022,
Assessing the importance of mesoscale sea-surface temperature variations for surface turbulent cooling of the Kuroshio Extension in wintertime
, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 148, Pages: 2742-2754, ISSN: 0035-9009- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 1
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