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  • Journal article
    Cargill PJ, Klimchuk JA, 2006,

    On the temperature-emission measure distribution in stellar coronae

    , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 643, Pages: 438-443, ISSN: 0004-637X
  • Journal article
    Sonnerup BUO, Haaland S, Paschmann G, Dunlop MW, Reme H, Balogh Aet al., 2006,

    Orientation and motion of a plasma discontinuity from single-spacecraft measurements:: Generic residue analysis of Cluster data

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Giampieri G, Dougherty MK, Smith EJ, Russell CTet al., 2006,

    A regular period for Saturn's magnetic field that may track its internal rotation

    , NATURE, Vol: 441, Pages: 62-64, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Journal article
    Lavraud B, Thomsen MF, Lefebvre B, Schwartz SJ, Seki K, Phan TD, Wang YL, Fazakerley A, Rème H, Balogh Aet al., 2006,

    Evidence for newly closed magnetosheath field lines at the dayside magnetopause under northward IMF

    , Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), Vol: 111, Pages: A05211-A05211
  • Journal article
    Duan S-P, Liu Z-X, Cao J-B, Shi J-K, Lu L, Li Z-Y, Zong QG, Reme H, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Balogh A, Andre Met al., 2006,

    Analysis of the interaction between low-frequency waves and ions in the high-altitude cusp region observed by satellite cluster

    , CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol: 23, Pages: 1351-1354, ISSN: 0256-307X
  • Journal article
    Czaja A, Marshall J, 2006,

    Partitioning of poleward heat transport between the atmosphere and ocean

    , JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, Vol: 63, Pages: 1498-1511, ISSN: 0022-4928
  • Journal article
    Shi QQ, Shen C, Dunlop MW, Pu ZY, Zong QG, Liu ZX, Lucek E, Balogh Aet al., 2006,

    Motion of observed structures calculated from multi-point magnetic field measurements: Application to Cluster

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Cravens TE, Robertson IP, Waite JH, Yelle RV, Kasprzak WT, Keller CN, Ledvina SA, Niemann HB, Luhmann JG, McNutt RL, Ip WH, De La Haye V, Mueller-Wodarg I, Wahlund JE, Anicich VG, Vuitton Vet al., 2006,

    Composition of titan's ionosphere

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Cowley SWH, Wright DM, Bunce EJ, Carter AC, Dougherty MK, Giampieri G, Nichols JD, Robinson TRet al., 2006,

    Cassini observations of planetary-period magnetic field oscillations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Doppler shifts and phase motion

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Cao JB, Ma YD, Parks G, Reme H, Dandouras I, Nakamura R, Zhang TL, Zong Q, Lucek E, Carr CM, Liu ZX, Zhou GCet al., 2006,

    Joint observations by Cluster satellites of bursty bulk flows in the magnetotail

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Haigh JD, Blackburn M, 2006,

    Solar influences on dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere

    , SPACE SCI REV, Vol: 125, Pages: 331-344

    We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.

  • Journal article
    Haigh JD, Blackburn M, 2006,

    Solar influences on dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere

    , SPACE SCI REV, Vol: 125, Pages: 331-344

    We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.

  • Journal article
    Turkmani R, Cargill PJ, Galsgaard K, Vlahos L, Isliker Het al., 2006,

    Particle acceleration in stochastic current sheets in stressed coronal active regions

    , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 449, Pages: 749-757, ISSN: 0004-6361
  • Journal article
    Williams JD, Chen LJ, Kurth WS, Gurnett DA, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,

    Electrostatic solitary structures observed at Saturn

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Dougherty MK, Khurana KK, Neubauer FM, Russell CT, Saur J, Leisner JS, Burton MEet al., 2006,

    Identification of a dynamic atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini magnetometer

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 311, Pages: 1406-1409, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Jones GH, Roussos E, Krupp N, Paranicas C, Woch J, Lagg A, Mitchell DG, Krimigis SM, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,

    Enceladus' varying imprint on the magnetosphere of Saturn

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 311, Pages: 1412-1415, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Thompson SM, Kivelson MG, El-Alaoui M, Balogh A, Réme H, Kistler LMet al., 2006,

    Bifurcated current sheets: Statistics from Cluster magnetometer measurements

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Achilleos N, Bertucci C, Russell CT, Hospodarsky GB, Rymer AM, Arridge CS, Burton ME, Dougherty MK, Hendricks S, Smith EJ, Tsurutani BTet al., 2006,

    Orientation, location, and velocity of Saturn's bow shock: Initial results from the Cassini spacecraft

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Journal article
    Gazis PR, Balogh A, Dalla S, Decker R, Heber B, Horbury T, Kilchenmann A, Kota J, Kucharek H, Kunow H, Lario D, Potgieter MS, Richardson JD, Riley P, Rodriguez L, Siscoe G, Von Steiger Ret al., 2006,

    ICMEs at high latitudes and in the outer heliosphere

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 417-451, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Crooker NU, Horbury TS, 2006,

    Solar imprint on ICMEs, their magnetic connectivity, and heliospheric evolution

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 93-109, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Crooker NU, Balogh A, Bothmer V, Forsyth RJ, Gazis P, Gosling JT, Horbury T, Kilchenmann A, Richardson IG, Richardson JD, Riley P, Rodriguez L, Von Steiger R, Wurz P, Zurbuchen THet al., 2006,

    Understanding interplanetary coronal mass ejection signatures

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 177-216, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Ren ZP, Lu L, Lei JG, Li ZY, Liu ZX, Balogh A, Rème Het al., 2006,

    Movement of the magnetic structure in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster II

    , CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION, Vol: 49, Pages: 315-320, ISSN: 0001-5733
  • Journal article
    Forsyth RJ, Bothmer V, Cid C, Crooker NU, Horbury TS, Kecskemety K, Klecker B, Linker JA, Odstrcil D, Reiner MJ, Richardson IG, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Schmidt JM, Wimmer-Schweingruber RFet al., 2006,

    ICMEs in the inner heliosphere: Origin, evolution and propagation effects

    , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 383-416, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Journal article
    Sahraoui F, Belmont G, Rezeau L, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Pinçon JL, Balogh Aet al., 2006,

    Anisotropic turbulent spectra in the terrestrial magnetosheath as seen by the cluster spacecraft

    , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 96, ISSN: 0031-9007
  • Journal article
    Saur J, Mauk BH, Mitchell DG, Krupp N, Khurana KK, Livi S, Krimigis M, Newell PT, Williams DJ, Brandt PC, Lagg A, Roussos E, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,

    Anti-planetward auroral electron beams at Saturn

    , NATURE, Vol: 439, Pages: 699-702, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Journal article
    Yoshino K, Thorne AP, Murray JE, Cheung ASC, Wong AL, Imajo Tet al., 2006,

    The application of a vacuum-ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron-radiation source to measurements of bands of NO. VII. The final report

    , JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 124, ISSN: 0021-9606
  • Journal article
    Phan TD, Gosling JT, Davis MS, Skoug RM, Oieroset M, Lin RP, Lepping RP, McComas DJ, Smith CW, Reme H, Balogh Aet al., 2006,

    A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind

    , NATURE, Vol: 439, Pages: 175-178, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Conference paper
    Rodriguez L, Zhukov AN, Woch J, Krupp N, Von Steiger R, Forsyth Ret al., 2006,

    In-situ and remote observations of CMEs

    , Pages: 351-356, ISSN: 1743-9213

    We present studies on a series of ICMEs detected by Ulysses and for which the solar sources on the Sun could be identified. EUV and white light data are used in order to correlate characteristics seen during eruption with those measured in-situ. Particularly, an attempt was made to find solar features that show a relationship with the type of ICME seen later (i.e. cloud or non-cloud ICME). For magnetic clouds (MC) the chirality of the magnetic field was then analyzed. Finally, the charge states of oxygen ions contained in ICMEs were used to obtain freezing-in temperatures and then compare these with the presence of flares occurring close (spatially and temporally) to the CME eruption. We have found no solar feature that could be used to predict the presence of a MC in interplanetary space, they occur with the same frequency for cloud and non-cloud ICMEs. The chirality of the clouds seems to follow only weakly the hemisphere rule. The presence of solar flares do not seem to be correlated with the oxygen freezing-in temperatures seen in-situ. © 2006 International Astronomical Union.

  • Book chapter
    Zong QG, Fritz TA, Zhang H, Fu SY, Zhou XZ, Goldstein ML, Daly PW, Reme H, Balogh A, Fazakerley ANet al., 2006,

    The magnetospheric cusp: Structure and dynamics

    , Advances in Geosciences Volume 2 Solar Terrestrial St, Pages: 173-189

    Understanding the polar cusps is essential for a thorough understanding of the entire physics of the magnetosphere, and of the dynamical interaction between the solar wind and any planetary magnetosphere. Energetic electrons are unique to fully assess magnetic Field-Line topology and thus should be able to clearly delineate regions of open and closed magnetic field lines in the High-Latitude regions and contributed crucially to understanding and resolving an internal debate going on between groups measuring only the lower energy (<20 keV) plasma. Energetic electrons with high and stable flux were observed in the high latitude boundary/cusp region when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) had a predominate positive Bz component. With measurements at larger separations and more coordination of multiple satellite measurements for particular cusp crossings it will become more evident what the true nature of the cusp is and what roles the cusp plays. The boundary normal, velocity and timing analysis obtained by all four Cluster spacecraft indicates that the multiple cusp phenomena are most likely caused by the oscillation of a single northern cusp which was shifted back and forth. Cusp oscillations with a period of ˜20min are observed by Cluster in the High-Latitude region, whilst the Cold-Dense plasma with fluctuations (20-Min period) are observed in the Dusk-Side of the tail plasma sheet by Geotail. This is consistent with the idea that the high latitude reconnection during northward IMF is the responsible mechanism for the formation of the Cold-Dense plasma sheet.

  • Conference paper
    Pu ZY, Wang J, Dunlop MW, Zhang XG, Wei Y, Zhou XZ, Fu SY, Xiao CJ, Zong QG, Liu ZX, Carr C, Perry C, Reme H, Dandouras I, Fazakerley A, Daly P, Pitout F, Davies J, Shen C, Laakso H, Escoubet P, Owen CJ, Bogdanova Y, Taylor MGGTet al., 2006,

    Cluster and TC1 five point observations of an FTE on jan. 4, 2005: A preliminary study

    , Pages: 171-179, ISSN: 0379-6566

    Observations of an FTE signature at the dayside magnetopause are reported, which is consecutively observed on Jan.4, 2005 by each of five spacecraft comprising the Double Star TC1 spacecraft and the Cluster quartet, while the spacecraft were traversing through the northern-dusk magnetopause. The GSE locations of Cluster and TC1 were ∼ (3.91, 12.03, 5.01) RE and (4.33, 12.50, 1.93) R<inf>E</inf> (GSE), respectively. The event occurred as a magnetosheath FTE at the first Cluster spacecraft at about 07:13 UT on 04 01 2004 and crossed each of the others within 2 minutes. The spatial separations between the Cluster spacecraft were of the order of 200 km and the relative TC1 location was at ΔX∼ 0.42R<inf>E</inf>, ΔY∼0.47R<inf>E</inf>, and ΔZ∼ 3.08R<inf>E</inf>. The TC1 signature occurred about 110s after Cluster. deHoffmann- Teller (H-T) analysis of the signatures implies that the associated flux ropes observed by Cluster and TC1 were moving with similar velocities eastward and northward, consistent with the polarity for the observed FTEs and the spacecraft locations. The orientation of the flux rope can also be computed and is found to be similar at each spacecraft. Reconstruction of the flux rope signature suggests that they contained approximately equal amounts of magnetic flux. The 3-D distributions of thermal ions in the two FTEs were also similar. The distance of TC1 perpendicular to the plane containing the axis of flux rope observed by Cluster and its H-T velocity is much smaller than the cross-section dimension of the flux ropes observed by both Cluster and TC1. These findings strongly suggest that Cluster and TC1 encountered the magnetosheath branch of the same flux tube at two different positions along its length and this is borne out by computation of the expected time delay between the spacecraft based on the estimated orientation of the tube. Four-spacecraft timing is used to c

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