Mpox is a viral illness that has periodically been identified in the UK population in very small numbers. It is related to smallpox, a viral disease that has been eradicated globally. A recent increase in cases of the Clave 1b variant in central Africa has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the WHO.

There are currently no restrictions on international travel and no vaccination requirements before travel to affected regions. People may encounter questionnaire screening and temperature checks at international borders. Fit for Travel publishes updates and advice for travellers to African countries.

It's important to note that Mpox is usually a mild illness, and most of those infected will recover within a few weeks without treatment. Initial symptoms of Mpox include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion. A rash can develop, often beginning on the face, then spreading to other parts of the body including the genitals.

It is understood that the current Mpox outbreak is being spread through close contact with clothing or linens (such as bedding or towels) used by an infected person, direct skin-to-skin contact with Mpox skin lesions or scabs through coughing, or droplets from the sneezing of an individual with a Mpox rash. It is also spread by contact with contaminated surfaces. It is prevalent in communities with poor living conditions and malnutrition.

During the most recent UK outbreak in 2022, the Smallpox vaccine was administered to healthcare workers at risk through the care of patients. It's important to note that the smallpox vaccine is protective against Mpox, and people who had the smallpox vaccine in the 1960's are expected to have residual protection. This vaccination was discontinued in the UK in 1970 but continued in other countries until 1979.

Imperial College Occupational Health does not currently have access to this vaccine. Individuals worried about exposure should refer to the NHS web pages and contact their GP or NHS 111 with their concerns. 

If exposure occurs through work at Imperial College individuals should contact Occupational Health for advice. Individuals (staff and students) concerned about exposure in the clinical environment must contact the local NHS Infection Control Team.