Research Project: A Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) Technique to improve Railway Safety
Background
The railway system constitutes an important means of transport around the world. Each day it transports millions of passengers and millions of dollars worth of goods from one end to another. The safety of railway operations depends on several factors including rail traffic rules, infrastructure reliability, organisations safety culture and human factors. With respect to human factors it is notable that over the years a large number of railway incidents and accidents have occurred due to human performance, hence it is a significant contributor to railway occurrences.
On account of that, the reliability and safety level of the rail network is dependent on the performance of the human operators, which can be either enhanced or degraded by a number of factors such as training, working conditions, organisational factors or available time to perform a task, broadly known as Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs). The literature shows that it is the train drivers, signallers and controllers who mostly affect the network in terms of safety.
Several studies have been conducted in the field of HFs and human performance in the railway domain. However, most of these are based on previous studies in the field of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) from other domains. Hence, they are not well suited to the rail industry and can be difficult to apply reliably to railway specific operations.
Methodology and Collaborations
In light of the current limitations, this study proposes a new approach referred to as the Human Performance Railway Operational Index (HuPeROI). The approach aims not only to estimate the human error probability for railway operations but also to propose mitigation strategies to minimise phenomena such as operators’ degraded performance. HuPeROI is based on a PSFs taxonomy designed for the rail industry. This taxonomy, referred to as the Railway Performance Shaping Factors (R-PSFs), is developed based on an extensive literature review of the field of HFs. In addition, data from several European rail organisations have been used such as: the Swiss Federal Railways; the Norwegian Railways; data from U.K. Network Rail; data from ERADIS database as well as data from the U.S.A, Canadian and Australian Transport Safety Boards. Subsequently, subject matter experts (SMEs) validate and assess the taxonomy, whilst they also weight and rank the factors of R-PSFs taxonomy, which afterwards are used to develop the HuPeROI.
Publications
- Kyriakidis, M. A., Hirsch, R. and A. Majumdar (2012) Metro Railway Safety: an analysis of accident precursors, Safety Science, 50, pp. 1535-1548.
- Kyriakidis, M., Majumdar, A., Grote, G., and W.Y. Ochieng (2012) The development and assessment of a performance shaping factors taxonomy for railway operations, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., USA, (accepted).
- Kyriakidis, M., Majumdar, A., Washington, Y.O. (2012) A Human Performance Operational Railway Index to estimate operators’ error probability, Proceedings of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International 2012 Conference. San Francisco, USA, July 21-25 2012.
- Kyriakidis, M., Majumdar, A., Grote, G., Washington, Y.O. (2012) The development and assessment of a performance shaping factors taxonomy for railway operations, Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting. Washington D.C., USA, Jan 22-26 2012.
- Kyriakidis, M. (2011) Human Reliability Analysis, In Kröger, W. & Zio, E. (eds.) Vulnerable Systems. Springer, pp. 157-187.