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  • Journal article
    Morfopoulos C, Prentice IC, Keenan TF, Friedlingstein P, Medlyn BE, Penuelas J, Possell Met al., 2013,

    A unifying conceptual model for the environmental responses of isoprene emissions from plants

    , ANNALS OF BOTANY, Vol: 112, Pages: 1223-1238, ISSN: 0305-7364

    Background and AimsIsoprene is the most important volatile organic compound emitted by land plants in terms ofabundance and environmental effects. Controls on isoprene emission rates include light, temperature, water supplyand CO2concentration. A need to quantify these controls has long been recognized. There are already models thatgive realistic results, but they are complex, highly empirical and require separate responses to different drivers.This study sets out to find a simpler, unifying principle.†MethodsA simple model is presented based on the idea of balancing demands for reducing power (derived fromphotosynthetic electron transport) in primary metabolism versus the secondary pathway that leads to the synthesisof isoprene. This model’s ability to account for key features in a variety of experimental data sets is assessed.†Key resultsThe model simultaneously predicts the fundamental responses observed in short-term experiments,namely: (1) the decoupling between carbon assimilation and isoprene emission; (2) a continued increase in isopreneemission with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at high PAR, after carbon assimilation has saturated; (3) amaximum of isoprene emission at low internal CO2concentration (ci) and an asymptotic decline thereafter with in-creasingci; (4) maintenance of high isoprene emissions when carbon assimilation is restricted by drought; and (5) atemperature optimum higher than that of photosynthesis, but lower than that of isoprene synthase activity.†ConclusionsA simple model was used to test the hypothesisthat reducing poweravailable to the synthesis pathwayfor isoprene varies according to the extent to which the needs of carbon assimilation are satisfied. Despite its simpli-city the model explains much in terms of the observed response of isoprene to external drivers as well asthe observeddecoupling between carbon assimilation and isoprene emission. The concept has the potential to improve global-scale
  • Journal article
    Fujisawa T, Barraclough TG, 2013,

    Delimiting Species Using Single-Locus Data and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent Approach: A Revised Method and Evaluation on Simulated Data Sets

    , SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY, Vol: 62, Pages: 707-724, ISSN: 1063-5157
  • Journal article
    Mackey B, Prentice IC, Steffen W, House JI, Keith DLH, Berry Set al., 2013,

    Untangling the confusion around land carbon science and climate change mitigation policy (vol 3, pg 552, 2013)

    , NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, Vol: 3, Pages: 847-847, ISSN: 1758-678X
  • Journal article
    Ewers RM, Bartlam S, Didham RK, 2013,

    Altered species interactions at forest edges: contrasting edge effects on bumble bees and their phoretic mite loads in temperate forest remnants

    , INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY, Vol: 6, Pages: 598-606, ISSN: 1752-458X
  • Journal article
    Koufopanou V, Swire J, Lomas S, Burt Aet al., 2013,

    Primers for fourteen protein-coding genes and the deep phylogeny of the true yeasts

    , FEMS YEAST RESEARCH, Vol: 13, Pages: 574-584, ISSN: 1567-1356
  • Journal article
    Papadopulos AST, Powell MP, Pupulin F, Warner J, Hawkins JA, Salamin N, Chittka L, Williams NH, Whitten WM, Loader D, Valente LM, Chase MW, Savolainen Vet al., 2013,

    Convergent evolution of floral signals underlies the success of Neotropical orchids

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 280, ISSN: 0962-8452
  • Journal article
    Li G, Harrison SP, Bartlein PJ, Izumi K, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    Precipitation scaling with temperature in warm and cold climates: An analysis of CMIP5 simulations

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 40, Pages: 4018-4024, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Waylen KA, Fischer A, McGowan PJK, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Deconstructing Community for Conservation: Why Simple Assumptions are Not Sufficient

    , HUMAN ECOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 575-585, ISSN: 0300-7839
  • Journal article
    North A, Burt A, Godfray HCJ, 2013,

    Modelling the spatial spread of a homing endonuclease gene in a mosquito population

    , Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol: 50, Pages: 1216-1225, ISSN: 1365-2664

    1. Homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) exist naturally in many single-celled organisms and can show extremely strong genetic drive allowing them to spread through populations into which they are introduced. They are being investigated as tools to manipulate the populations of important vectors of human disease, in particular the mosquitoes that transmit malaria. Before HEGs can be deployed, it is important to study their spatial spread in order to design efficient release strategies.2. A spatially explicit model is developed to study the spread of a HEG through a landscape whose structure is defined by the distribution of mosquito breeding and feeding sites. The model is motivated by the biology of the major vectors of malaria in Africa. The conditions for spread, fixation and loss of two major types of HEG are explored in different landscapes.3. In landscapes where mosquito resources are abundant, the conditions for spread are well approximated by a mean-field model. Where a HEG imposes a genetic load, it can cause population extinction, though spatial models more often predict population suppression.4. In certain types of landscapes where mosquito resources are rare, an introduced HEG may be prevented from moving between local mosquito populations and so a simple release strategy is unlikely to be effective, yet if the HEG succeeds in spreading population extinction is a feasible outcome. Increasing the number of release sites at the expense of releasing fewer mosquitoes per site reduces the probability that a HEG will fail.5. Synthesis and applications. The model presented asks for the first time how the spatial structure of mosquito populations will influence the effectiveness of a technology that is being rapidly developed for vector control. If homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) are to be used in this way, we have qualified the importance of accounting for landscape characteristics in both the execution and the expectation of their application. The next stage is to
  • Journal article
    Bull JW, Suttle KB, Gordon A, Singh NJ, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Biodiversity offsets in theory and practice

    , ORYX, Vol: 47, Pages: 369-380, ISSN: 0030-6053

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