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  • Journal article
    Perkins DM, YvonDurocher G, Demars BOL, Reiss J, Pichler DE, Friberg N, Trimmer M, Woodward Get al., 2012,

    Consistent temperature dependence of respiration across ecosystems contrasting in thermal history

    , Global Change Biology, Vol: 18, Pages: 1300-1311, ISSN: 1354-1013

    <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Ecosystem respiration is a primary component of the carbon cycle and understanding the mechanisms that determine its temperature dependence will be important for predicting how rates of carbon efflux might respond to global warming. We used a rare model system, comprising a network of geothermally heated streams ranging in temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C, to explore the nature of the relationship between respiration and temperature. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we tested whether the natal thermal regime of stream communities influenced the temperature dependence of respiration in the absence of other potentially confounding variables. An empirical survey of 13 streams across the thermal gradient revealed that the temperature dependence of whole‐stream respiration was equivalent to the average activation energy of the respiratory complex (0.6–0.7 eV). This observation was also consistent for <jats:italic>in‐situ</jats:italic> benthic respiration. Laboratory experiments, incubating biofilms from four streams across the thermal gradient at a range of temperatures, revealed that the activation energy and Q<jats:sub>10</jats:sub> of respiration were remarkably consistent across streams, despite marked differences in their thermal history and significant turnover in species composition. Furthermore, absolute rates of respiration at standardised temperature were also unrelated to ambient stream temperature, but strongly reflected differences in biofilm biomass. Together, our results suggest that the core biochemistry, which drives the kinetics of oxidative respiratory metabolism, may be well conserved among diverse taxa and environments, and that the intrinsic sensitivity of respiration to temperature is not influenced by ambient environmental temperature.</jats:p>
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, Barlow J, Cadotte MW, Hulme PE, Kerby G, Whittingham MJet al., 2012,

    Ensuring applied ecology has impact

    , JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Vol: 49, Pages: 1-5, ISSN: 0021-8901
  • Journal article
    Baker J, Milner-Gulland EJ, Leader-Williams N, 2012,

    Park Gazettement and Integrated Conservation and Development as Factors in Community Conflict at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

    , CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Vol: 26, Pages: 160-170, ISSN: 0888-8892
  • Journal article
    Milner-Gulland EJ, 2012,

    Interactions between human behaviour and ecological systems

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 367, Pages: 270-278, ISSN: 0962-8436
  • Journal article
    Lawrence D, Fiegna F, Behrends V, Bundy JG, Phillimore AB, Bell T, Barraclough TGet al., 2012,

    Species interactions alter evolutionary responses to a novel environment.

    , PLoS Biol, Vol: 10

    Studies of evolutionary responses to novel environments typically consider single species or perhaps pairs of interacting species. However, all organisms co-occur with many other species, resulting in evolutionary dynamics that might not match those predicted using single species approaches. Recent theories predict that species interactions in diverse systems can influence how component species evolve in response to environmental change. In turn, evolution might have consequences for ecosystem functioning. We used experimental communities of five bacterial species to show that species interactions have a major impact on adaptation to a novel environment in the laboratory. Species in communities diverged in their use of resources compared with the same species in monocultures and evolved to use waste products generated by other species. This generally led to a trade-off between adaptation to the abiotic and biotic components of the environment, such that species evolving in communities had lower growth rates when assayed in the absence of other species. Based on growth assays and on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of resource use, all species evolved more in communities than they did in monocultures. The evolutionary changes had significant repercussions for the functioning of these experimental ecosystems: communities reassembled from isolates that had evolved in polyculture were more productive than those reassembled from isolates that had evolved in monoculture. Our results show that the way in which species adapt to new environments depends critically on the biotic environment of co-occurring species. Moreover, predicting how functioning of complex ecosystems will respond to an environmental change requires knowing how species interactions will evolve.
  • Journal article
    Waylen KA, Fischer A, McGowan PJK, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2012,

    Interactions Between a Collectivist Culture and Buddhist Teachings Influence Environmental Concerns and Behaviors in the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia

    , SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES, Vol: 25, Pages: 1118-1133, ISSN: 0894-1920
  • Journal article
    Banks-Leite C, Ewers RM, Metzger JP, 2012,

    The confounded effects of habitat disturbance at the local, patch and landscapescale on understorey birds of the Atlantic Forest: Implications for thedevelopment of landscape-based indicators

    , Ecological Indicators
  • Journal article
    O'Gorman EJ, Pichler DE, Adams G, Benstead JP, Cohen H, Craig N, Cross WF, Demars BOL, Friberg N, Gislason GM, Gudmundsdottir R, Hawczak A, Hood JM, Hudson LN, Johansson L, Johansson MP, Junker JR, Laurila A, Manson JR, Mavromati E, Nelson D, Olafsson JS, Perkins DM, Petchey OL, Plebani M, Reuman DC, Rall BC, Stewart R, Thompson MSA, Woodward Get al., 2012,

    Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communities: Individual-to Ecosystem-Level Responses

    , ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL 47: GLOBAL CHANGE IN MULTISPECIES SYSTEMS, PT 2, Vol: 47, Pages: 81-176, ISSN: 0065-2504
  • Journal article
    Lira PK, Ewers RM, Banks-Leite C, Pardini R, Metzger JPet al., 2012,

    Evaluating the legacy of landscape history: extinction debt and species credit in bird and small mammal assemblages in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

    , Journal of Applied Ecology, Pages: 1325-1333
  • Journal article
    Banks-Leite C, Ewers RM, Metzger JP, 2012,

    Unravelling the drivers of community dissimilarity and species extinction in fragmented landscapes

    , ECOLOGY, Vol: 93, Pages: 2560-2569

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